Skill Aquisition

Question 1

What are the 6 classification of skills?

Answer 1

Difficulty
Environmental influence
Pacing
Muscular involvement 
Continuity
Organisation

Question 2

What are the extremes of the difficulty continuum?

Answer 2

Simple

Complex

Question 3

What are the extremes of the environmental influence continuum?

Answer 3

Open

Closed

Question 4

What are the extremes of the pacing continuum?

Answer 4

Self paced

Externally paced

Question 5

What are the extremes of the muscular involvement continuums?

Answer 5

Gross

Fine

Question 6

What are the extremes of the continuity continuum?

Answer 6

Discrete
Serial
Continuous

Question 7

What are the extremes of the organisation continuum?

Answer 7

High

Low

Question 8

What are the 8 types of practice?

Answer 8

Part
Whole
Whole-part-whole
Progressive-part
Massed
Distributed
Fixed 
Varied

Question 9

Define mass practice

Answer 9

Practice where no rest intervals are given

Question 10

Define distributed practice

Answer 10

Training with many intervals and feedback

Question 11

Define fixed practice

Answer 11

Practicing a skill repeatedly

Question 12

Define varied practice

Answer 12

Using different methods to practice

Question 13

Define part practice

Answer 13

Practice where a skill is broken down into subroutines then practiced individually

Question 14

Define whole practice

Answer 14

Practice where a whole skill is taught at once

Question 15

Define whole-part-whole practice

Answer 15

Practice where a skill is attempted, then broken down into subroutines and practiced then practiced as a whole skill again

Question 16

Define progressive-part practice

Answer 16

A serial skill is broken down and the performer practices the first section then each time it is practiced, another section is added onto the routine

Question 17

What are the 5 transfers of skills?

Answer 17

Positive
Negative
Proactive
Retroactive
Bilateral

Question 18

Define positive transfer

Answer 18

When one skill helps the learning of another

Question 19

Define negative transfer

Answer 19

The learning of a skill that hinders the learning of another skill

Question 20

Define proactive transfer

Answer 20

The influence of one skill on a skill yet to be learned

Question 21

Define retroactive transfer

Answer 21

The influence of one skill on the learning of a skill that has already been learned

Question 22

Define bilateral transfer

Answer 22

The transfer from one limb to another

Question 23

What are the three learning theories?

Answer 23

Operant conditioning
Cognitive theory
Observational learning

Question 24

Define operant conditioning

Answer 24

The process which the desired response is reinforced causing it to be repeated and developed

Question 25

What is an S-R bond?

Answer 25

A stimulus response bond where a performer subconsciously reacts to a stimulus automatically because of repeated exposure to the stimuli

Question 26

Define cognitive learning theory

Answer 26

When a performer has to find a solution to a problem with intervening variables

Question 27

Define observational learning

Answer 27

Learning through observing demonstrations and models

Question 28

What are the 4 stages of observational learning?

Answer 28

Attention Retention Motor reproduction Motivation

Question 29

Who proved operant conditioning?

Answer 29

B F Skinner

Question 30

Who proved observational learning?

Answer 30

Bandura

Question 31

What are the three stages of learning?

Answer 31

Cognitive Associative stage Autonomous

Question 32

Define the cognitive stage?

Answer 32

Performers understanding what they need to do by creating a mental image of the skill

Question 33

Define the associative stage

Answer 33

The motor stage of learning where the performer is given feedback in order to improve

Question 34

Define the autonomous stage

Answer 34

The final stage where performers can reproduce the skill with little thought and can ignore distractions

Question 35

What are the 4 types of guidance?

Answer 35

Verbal Visual Manual Mechanical

Question 36

Define verbal guidance

Answer 36

A simple and clear description of the skill

Question 37

Define visual guidance

Answer 37

Performers building a mental image based off of a demonstration or visual aid

Question 38

Define manual guidance

Answer 38

Physical support for the performer by another person

Question 39

Define mechanical guidance

Answer 39

The response of the performer being directed physically by another person