Skills Reference File

Question 1

What is the normal range of motion (ROM) for hip flexion?

Answer 1

120-130°

Performed with the patient supine, straight legs, bending the knee towards the chest.

Question 2

What patient position is used for hip extension ROM?
What is the norm value?

Answer 2

Prone, straight legs

Normal ROM for hip extension is 15-30°.

Question 3

What is the normal ROM for hip abduction?

Answer 3

45-60°

Patient should be in a supine position with straight legs.

Question 4

How is hip adduction assessed?
What is normal ROM?

Answer 4

Supine, straight legs, opposite leg ABD over side of plinth, foot resting on stool

Normal ROM for hip adduction is 35-45°.

Question 5

What is the normal ROM for hip external rotation?

Answer 5

45°

Patient can be supine or seated with hip and knee at 90°.

Question 6

In what position is hip internal rotation assessed?
What is normal ROM?

Answer 6

Supine or seated (hip+knee 90°)

Normal ROM is 15-30°.

Question 7

What is the normal ROM for knee flexion?

Answer 7

0 - 135°

Patient should be supine or half lying on the plinth.

Question 8

What is the normal ROM for knee extension?

Answer 8

0 to -5°

Performed with the patient supine or half lying on the plinth.

Question 9

What is the normal ROM for ankle dorsiflexion?

Answer 9

10-15°

Patient should be supine with a pillow under the knee.

Question 10

What is the normal ROM for ankle plantarflexion?

Answer 10

50-70°

Patient should be supine with the ankle off the edge of the plinth.

Question 11

What is the normal ROM for ankle inversion?

Answer 11

20°

Assessment starts with the patient supine and straight legs.

Question 12

What is the normal ROM for ankle eversion?

Answer 12

5°

Assessment starts with the patient supine and straight legs.

Question 13

What is the normal ROM for elbow flexion?

Answer 13

140-150°

Patient can be supine or sitting with palm facing medially.

Question 14

What is the normal ROM for elbow extension?

Answer 14

0-5°

Patient in supine or sitting with palm facing medially.

Question 15

What is the normal ROM for elbow pronation?

Answer 15

75-85°

Patient can be standing or sitting with elbow at 90°.

Question 16

What is the normal ROM for elbow supination?

Answer 16

80-104°

Patient can be standing or sitting with elbow at 90°.

Question 17

What is the normal ROM for wrist flexion?

Answer 17

60-80°

Patient seated with forearm resting on a table.

Question 18

What is the normal ROM for wrist extension?

Answer 18

60-75°

Patient seated with forearm resting on a table.

Question 19

What is the normal ROM for wrist radial deviation?

Answer 19

20-25°

Patient seated with forearm pronated.

Question 20

What is the normal ROM for wrist ulnar deviation?

Answer 20

30-40°

Patient seated with forearm pronated.

Question 21

What is the normal ROM for shoulder flexion?

Answer 21

170-180°

Patient can be seated or half lying on the plinth.

Question 22

What is the normal ROM for shoulder extension?

Answer 22

50-60°

Patient is prone with the arm by the side.

Question 23

What is the normal ROM for shoulder abduction?

Answer 23

170-180°

Patient is supine with the arm by the side.

Question 24

What is the normal ROM for horizontal adduction of the shoulder?

Answer 24

50-75°

Patient is supine with 90° shoulder flexion.

Question 25

What is the normal ROM for shoulder external rotation?

Answer 25

80-90° ## Footnote Patient is supine with 90° shoulder abduction.

Question 26

What is the normal ROM for shoulder internal rotation?

Answer 26

60-100° ## Footnote Patient is supine with 90° shoulder abduction.

Question 27

What is the normal patient position for knee flexor Grade 5 MMT & HHD

Answer 27

**MMT** Prone, legs straight **HHD** Prone and test leg in 60˚ flexion

Question 28

What is the normal patient position for ankle dorsiflexor MMT?

Answer 28

Supine or sitting, straight legs, feet over edge of plinth ## Footnote Test foot should be in neutral position.

Question 29

What is the instruction for HHD assessment?

Answer 29

Try to slowly build your force up when you hear a beep ## Footnote Patient should minimize trunk rotation and compensatory strategies.

Question 30

How many squats should a patient perform for movement analysis?

Answer 30

15 squats ## Footnote Clinician views from anterior, side, and posterior.

Question 31

How many push-ups should a patient perform for movement analysis?

Answer 31

3-5 push ups ## Footnote Use kneeling or full push up position as appropriate.

Question 32

What is the procedure for measuring forearm strength?

Answer 32

Client should squeeze with their maximal strength for approx. 3 seconds. Record the reading from the peak/hold needle, then reset to zero. Repeat 2-3 times, alternating each arm.

Question 33

How many squats does a patient perform during the squat movement analysis?

Answer 33

15 squats.

Question 34

From which angles should a clinician observe a patient's squats?

Answer 34

Anterior, Side, and Posterior.

Question 35

What is the procedure for the push-up movement analysis?

Answer 35

Patient performs 3-5 push ups in a slow controlled manner. Clinician observes movement, noting static & dynamic posture, scapulohumeral rhythm & muscle co-contraction.

Question 36

What indicates weakness in one area during push-up analysis?

Answer 36

Agonist-antagonist co-contraction.

Question 37

What should be investigated further if indicators of poor motor control are observed?

Answer 37

Targeted testing.

Question 38

What is the starting position for the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG)?

Answer 38

Participant sits in the chair with back straight, feet flat on the floor with one foot slightly in front, hands on thighs.

Question 39

What is the normative data for TUG for ages 60-69 years considered excellent?

Answer 39

<7.4 seconds.

Question 40

What is the procedure for the 5x Sit-to-Stand test?

Answer 40

Participants start seated in the chair with arms crossed, feet flat on the floor. Stand up completely from the chair five times as quickly as possible.

Question 41

What is the procedure for the 60s Push Up test?

Answer 41

Participants perform as many push-ups as possible in 60 seconds, maintaining correct technique.

Question 42

What is the mean number of push-ups for males aged 20-29?

Answer 42

42.9 ± 14.1 reps.

Question 43

What is the instruction for the Single Leg Stance Test?

Answer 43

Time how long the patient can stand on one leg with hands on hips.

Question 44

What indicates chronic ankle instability in the Foot Lift Test?

Answer 44

A score of 5 or more errors.