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Path U2 > Skin 1 - Inflammatory Dermatoses > Flashcards

Skin 1 - Inflammatory Dermatoses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of skin?

A

It is a barrier against environmental insults and fluid loss

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2
Q

What is skin composed of?

A

an epidermis and dermis

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3
Q

What is the epidermis comprised of?

A

keratinocytes and has four layers

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4
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A

1) Stratum basalis 2) Stratum spinosum 3) Stratum granulosum 4) Stratum corneum

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5
Q

What is the stratum basalis?

A

regenerative (stem cell) layer

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6
Q

What is the stratum spinosum?

A

Its characterized by desmosomes between keratinocytes

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7
Q

What is the stratum granulosum?

A

It is characterized by granules in keratinocytes

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8
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

It is characterized by keratin in anucleate cells

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9
Q

What does the dermis consist of?

A

connective tissue, nerve endings, blood and lymphatic vessels, and adnexal structures (e.g., hair shafts, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands)

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10
Q

What are the inflammatory dermatoses?

A

1) atopic (eczematous) dermatitis 2) contact dermatitis 3) acne vulgaris 4) psoriasis 5) Lichen Planus

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11
Q

What is atopic (eczematous) dermatitis?

A

Pruritic, erythematous, oozing rash with vesicles and edema; often involves the face and flexor surfaces

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12
Q

What are flexor surfaces?

A

Elbow, wrists and knees

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13
Q

What is type 1 hypersensitivity reaction associated with?

A

asthma and allergic rhinitis

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14
Q

What is contact dermatitis?

A

Pruritic, erythematous, oozing rash with vesicles and edema

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15
Q

When does contact dermatitis arise?

A

upon exposure to allergens

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16
Q

What are the allergens for contact dermatitis?

A

1) Poison ivy and nickel jewelry (type IV hypersensitivity) 2) Irritant chemicals (e.g., detergents) 3) Drugs (e.g., penicillin)

17
Q

What is the treatment for contact dermatitis?

A

It involves removal of the offending agent and topical glucocorticoids, if needed.

18
Q

What is acne vulgaris?

A

Comedones (whiteheads and blackheads), pustules (pimples), and nodules; extremely common, especially in adolescents

19
Q

What is acne vulgaris due to?

A

chronic inflammation of hair follicles and associated sebaceous glands

20
Q

In acne vulgaris, how are comedones formed?

A

There is hormone-associated increase in sebum production (sebaceous glands have androgen receptors) and excess keratin production block follicles

21
Q

What are propionibacterium acnes?

A

It is infection that produces lipases that break down sebum, releasing proinflammatory fatty acids; results in pustule or nodule formation

22
Q

What is the treatment for acne vulgaris?

A

Treatment includes benzoyl peroxide (antimicrobial) and vitamin A derivatives (e.g., isotretinoin), which reduce keratin production.

23
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

Well-circumscribed, salmon-colored plaques with silvery scale, usually on extensor surfaces and the scalp; pitting of nails may also be present.

24
Q

What is psoriasis due to?

A

excessive keratinocyte proliferation

25
Q

What is the etiology for psoriasis?

A

Possible autoimmune etiology

26
Q

What is psoriasis associated with?

A

HLA-C

27
Q

For psoriasis, what happens if there is an environmental trigger?

A

lesions often arise in areas of trauma (environmental trigger)

28
Q

What does the histology for psoriasis show?

A

1) Acanthosis (epidermal hyperplasia) 2) Parakeratosis 3) Collections of neutrophils in the stratum corneum (Munro microabscesses) 4) Thinning of the epidermis above elongated dermal papillae; results in bleeding when scale is picked off (Auspitz sign)

29
Q

What is parakeratosis?

A

hyperkeratosis with retention of keratinocyte nuclei in the stratum comeum

30
Q

What is the treatment for psoriasis?

A

it involves corticosteroids, UV light with psoralen, or immune-modulating therapy.

31
Q

What is lichen planus?

A

Pruritic, planar, polygonal, purple papules often with reticular white lines on their surface (Wickham striae); commonly involves wrists, elbows, and oral mucosa

32
Q

What does lichen planus commonly involve?

A

Wrists, elbows and oral mucosa

33
Q

What does oral involvement of lichen planus manifest as?

A

Wickham striae

34
Q

What does histology for lichen planus show?

A

inflammation of the dermal-epidermal junction with a saw-tooth appearance

35
Q

What is the etiology for lichen planus?

A

Etiology is unknown

36
Q

What is lichen planus associated with?

A

chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Path U2 (25 decks)

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