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NP Lab Is too Much > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

HEAVIEST AND FASTEST GROWING ORGAN IN YOUR BODY.

A

The skin!!

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2
Q

Skin cells per inch of your body

A

19 million

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3
Q

Skin cells replaced per day

A

30,000 to 40,000

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4
Q

Dead skin layers

A

18 to 23

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5
Q

New skin cells form where

A

Bottom of Epidermis

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6
Q
A

Epidermis

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7
Q
A

Dermis

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8
Q
A

Hypodermis

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9
Q

The epidermis is the layer of skin in charge of:

A

Making new skin cells
Giving skin its color
Protecting your body

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10
Q

THE DERMIS is responsible for

A

Making sweat
Helping you feel things
Growing hair
Making oil
Bringing blood to your skin

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11
Q

Role of HYPODERMIS OR SUBCUTANEOUS FAT

A

Attaching the dermis to your muscles and bones
Helping the blood vessels and nerve cells
Controlling your body temperature
Storing your fat

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12
Q

APPENDAGES

A

Eccrine-sweat glands
Apocrine glands (axillae, nipples, areolae, anogenital area, eyelids and external ears)
Sebaceous glands (secrete sebum, keep skin/hair from drying out)
Hair
Vellus- short and fine vs
Terminal- course and thick
Nails

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13
Q

PREGNANT WOMEN

A

Increased blood flow to skin
Increased sweat from sebaceous gland activity
Fat deposits
Stretch marks
Vascular spiders
Increased pigmentation

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14
Q

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS

A

O onset (when)
L location (where)
D duration (how long)
C character (what feels like)
A aggravating factors (clothes, heat)
R relieving factors (rest, sleep, none)
T temporal factors (pertinent factors)
S severity (0-10 scale)

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15
Q

Macules and Patches

A

Description
Circumscribed
Flat
Discoloration
Smaller than 0.5 cm-macule
Larger that 0.5 cm- patch
May be brown, blue, red or hypopigmented

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16
Q
A

Café au Lait Patches

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17
Q
A

NEUROFIBROMATOSIS

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18
Q
A

Mongolian Spots

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19
Q
A

TINEA VERSICOLOR

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20
Q

Papule

A

Raised lesions
Lesion up to 0.5 cm in diameter
Color varies: flesh, yellow , white, brown, red, blue or violet
May become confluent
May form plaques

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21
Q

Papule examples

A

Flat warts
Skin tags
Closed comedone (acne)
Molluscum contagiosum

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22
Q

Brown Papule Examples

A

Nevi
Warts
Melanoma

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23
Q

Red Papule Examples

A

Acne
Urticaria
Folliculitis
Insect bites

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24
Q

Blue Papule Examples

A

Blue nevus
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Melanoma
Venous lake

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25
Plaques Description
Circumscribed Palpable Solid lesion More that 0.5 cm in diameter Often formed by the confluence of papules
26
Plaque Examples
Eczema Pityriasis roseas Tinea corporis Psoriasis Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
27
Psoriasis Plaques
28
Psoriasis Nail Pitting
29
Nodule Description
Circumscribed Often round Solid lesion More that 0.5 cm in diameter Larger nodule is a tumor
30
Nodule Examples
Warts Lipoma Neurofibromatosis Furuncle Hemangioma Squamous cell and metastatic ca melanoma
31
A FURUNCLE
32
SQUAMOUS CELL METASTATIC
33
LIPOMA BENIGN TUMOR
34
PUSTULE Description
Circumscribed collection of leukocytes Free fluid Varies in size
35
Pustule Examples
Impetigo Herpes simplex, zoster, varicella Acne Keratosis pilaris
36
Acne Vulgaris
37
VESICLE Description
Circumscribed collection of free fluid Up to 0.5 cm in diameter
38
Vesicle Examples
All the herpes Eczema Impetigo
39
Dermatomes
40
L1-L2 dermatome
41
Bulla Description
Circumscribed collection of free fluid More that 0.5 cm in diameter
42
Bulla Example
Fixed drug eruption Lupus erythematous Blister
43
Bullous Impetigo
44
WHEAL (HIVE) Description
Firm Edematous Papule or plaque Are transient Result from infiltration of fluid into the dermis
45
Wheal (hive) Example
Hives Urticaria Dermographism
46
URTICARIA WHEAL
47
Crust description
Is a collection of dried serum and cellular debris- a scab
48
Crust Examples
Acute eczematious inflammation Atopic on the face Impetigo- golden or honey colored Tinea capitis
49
Ulcer Description
A focal loss of epidermis and dermis, and heal with scarring
50
Ulcer Examples
Examples Decubitus- over bony prominences Ischemic- caused by poor perfusion Stasis ulcers- sluggish venous return
51
Fissure Description
A linear loss of epidermis and dermis with sharply defined nearly vertical walls
52
Fissure Examples
Examples Chapping – hands and feet Eczema on the finger tip
53
Atrophy Description
A depression in the skin resulting from thinning of the epidermis or dermis
54
Atrophy Examples
Aging Lupus Striae
55
Scar Description
An abnormal formation of connective tissue, implying dermal damage, after injury Are initially thick and pink, but become white and atrophic
56
Scar examples
Post surg. Burns Keloid Post any herpes
57
EXCORIATION Description
An erosion caused by scratching Are often linear
58
Exorciation Examples
Scabies Atopic dermatitis Dry skin
59
Cyst Description
A circumscribed lesion with a wall and a lumen, it may contain fluid or solid matter.
60
Cyst examples
Epidermal, pilar
61
Burrow
A narrow, elevated, tortuous channel produced by a parasite (Think hobbits)
62
Burrow Examples
Scabies, creeping eruption
63
LICHENIFICATION Description Pronounced liken ification
An area of thickened epidermis induced by scratching Skin lines are accentuated so it looks like a washboard
64
LICHENIFICATION examples Pronounced liken ification
Atopic dermatitis, chronic eczematous dermatitis
65
LICHENIFICATION
66
TELANGIECTASIA Description
Dilated superficial blood vessels
67
TELANGIECTASIA
CREST syndrome (mild scleroderma), lupus basal cell ca, rosacea, scleroderma Vascular spiders Pregnancy Cirrhosis
68
TELANGIECTASIA
69
PETECHIAE Description
A circumscribed deposit of blood Less than 0.5 cm in diameter Does not blanch!!
70
PETECHIAE Examples
ITP, meningococcemia, vasculitis, leukemia, other BAD stuff or could just be a minor injury site
71
PETECHIAE
72
PURPURA Description
A circumscribed deposit of blood Greater that 0.5 cm in diameter Does not blanch!! Is usually raised
73
Purpura Examples
Rocky Mtn spotted fever, platelet abnormalities, advanced BAD stuff
74
PURPURA
75
Basal cell carcinoma Description
Shiny and translucent, they grow slowly and rarely metastasize
76
Squamous cell carcinoma Description
Crusted, scaly, and ulcerated, they can metastasize
77
Melanoma Description
Rapidly increasing in frequency, they spread rapidly and they do metastasize
78
Basal cell carcinoma
79
Squamous Cell Cancer
80
HARMM” RISK FACTORS FOR MELANOMA
History of previous melanoma Age over 50 Regular dermatologist absent Mole changing Male gender
81
ADDITIONAL RISK FACTORS FOR MELANOMA
Red or light hair Actinic lentigines, macular brown or tan spots (liver spots) Heavy sun exposure (especially severe childhood sunburns) Light eye or skin color (especially freckles/burns easily) ≥1-4 atypical or unusual moles (especially if dysplastic) ≥50 common moles Family history of melanoma
82
ABCDE: SCREENING MOLES FOR POSSIBLE MELANOMA
A for asymmetry B for borders, irregular, especially ragged, notched, blurred, or increasing C for color, variation, especially blue or black D for diameter ≥6 mm or different from other moles, especially changing, itching, or bleeding E for elevation or enlargement
83
Melanoma
84
Malignant Melanoma
85
FITZPATRICK CLASSIFICATION OF SKIN TYPE 1
Light, pale white Always Burns, never tans
86
FITZPATRICK CLASSIFICATION OF SKIN TYPE 2
White, fair Usually burns, tans with difficulty
87
FITZPATRICK CLASSIFICATION OF SKIN TYPE 3
Medium white to olive Sometimes mild burn, tans to olive
88
FITZPATRICK CLASSIFICATION OF SKIN TYPE 4
Olive moderate brown Rarely burns, tans with ease to a moderate brown
89
FITZPATRICK CLASSIFICATION OF SKIN TYPE 5
Brown, Dark Brown Very rarely burns, tans very easily
90
FITZPATRICK CLASSIFICATION OF SKIN TYPE 6
Very dark brown to black Never burns, tans very easily, deeply pigmented
91
SKIN EXAMINATIONS
Often holds the diagnoses for skin abnormalities as well as internal abnormalities Remember the skin develops at the same time as the neurological system and may be your first clue to a big problem. Do not be afraid to ask if you are not sure what you are seeing is significant or not. Much more derm to come in future courses.
92
HEALTH PROMOTION AND COUNSELING
Skin cancers are most common cancers in the U.S. Clinicians play an important role in educating patients Early detection of suspicious moles Protective measures for skin care Hazards of excessive sun exposure Most prevalent on hands, neck, and head
93
Stats and Facts
In 1 inch of skin, you have about: 650 sweat glands. 20 blood vessels. 60,000 melanocytes (the stuff that makes melanin and gives your skin its color.) 1,000 or more nerve endings.

NP Lab Is too Much (1 decks)

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