Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacy NP > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Lesions that occur in atopic dermetitis

A

papules, erthema, excoriation, lichenifaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

tool to evaulate the severity of atopic dermatitis

A

scorad screening

three different cateogires

evaulating intescity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

this dermatitis is inherited immunologic pattern.

A

atopic dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lock in moisture

A

seal it in for atopic dermatitis after a bath, colloid oatmeal bath may help we dont want the skin to crack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

maintenance reatment for atopic dermatitis

A

moisture, luke warm for 5-10 minutes using a soap free cleanser twice a dialy application of emollient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

flare up of atopic dermatitis.

A

use the scorad to see the intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

moderate to severe atopic dermatitis gets this water therapy

A

bleach baths antistapholococcal properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

first line therapy for dermatitis

A

topical corticosteriods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Maximum recommended length of treatment with topical corticosteroids

A

is 2 weeks for adults and 1 week for children.

can thin the skin over time and thins the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

topical immunosuppressives act on

A

T cells by suppressing cytokine transcription.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which is better topical on the face

A

immunosuprressives not corticosteriods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

crisaborole (eurisa) is _____line

A

second line atopic dermatits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

UV phototherapy for when

A

moderate to severe AD; inc risk of skin cancer; takes several office visits to work; dec histamine and mast release; can cause actine damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

two fungel infections of the skin

A

tinea and candidiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Factors Predisposing People to Fungal Infections

A

Warm, moist, dark environments; where they live the living quarters
Family history
Compromised immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tinea capitis

A

head

Inflamed, scaly, alopecic patches, especially in infants
Diffuse scaling with multiple round areas with alopecia secondary to broken hair shafts, leaving residual black stumps

“Gray patch” type with round, scaly plaques of alopecia in which the hair shaft is broken off close to the surface

Tender, pustular nodules

no ointment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tinea cruris

A

groin “jock itch” scrotum inguinal folds

A fungal infection of the groin and inguinal folds, tinea cruris spares the scrotum.

Causes are T. rubrum or E. floccosum.

Symptoms: lesions that are large, erythematous, and macular, with a central clearing; a hallmark is pruritus or a burning sensation.

yes to ointment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tinea pedis

A

foot athletes foot
yes to ointment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

symptoms: Pruritus, burning, and stinging of the scalp or skin, erythema and vesicles with inflammatory dermal reactions.

A

fungal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

highly infectious

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

tinea corporis

A

Called “ringworm” when it affects the face, limbs, or trunk but not the groin, hands, or feet

Presentation: ring-shaped lesion with well-demarcated margins, central clearing, and a scaly, erythematous border

Causes: contact with infected animals, human-to-human transmission, and from infected mats in wrestling

dog to dog, sharing towels and yes to ointment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Griseofulvin

A

MAO inhibits fungal cell mitosis at metaphase binds to human keratin making it resitant to fungal invasion; not as efficaous as terbafine but can be used with selenium sulfide shampoo

BIGGIE decreases levels of warfarin (coumadin) and decreases levels of barbiturates and cyclosporin

disulfiram like reaction with alcohol may dec efficiacy of oral contraceptives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Candidiasis

A

Superficial fungal infection of the skin and mucous membranes.
Occurs on moist cutaneous sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Can be skin, vaginal, oral, systemic

A

candidiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how does nystatin work

A

binds to the cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

mold spores that we can inhale and deadly

A

apergillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Papillomatous, corrugated, hyperkeratotic growths found only on the epidermis, especially in areas subjected to repeated trauma

A

warts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

HPV proteins contribute to the initiation of DNA replication; incubation period is usually 4 to 6 months with transmission by direct contact or by fomite

A

warts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

alteration in skin reactivity caused by exposure to an external agent

A

contact dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

multifactorial etiologies of contact dermatitis

A

ICD, ACD and atopic
irritant allergic and atopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

ACD allergic would be your…

A

type 4 hypersensitivity poison ivy and fragrances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

ICD irritant can be caused by?

A

exposure to detergents and solvents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

diaper rash is a form of

A

atopic dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

best treatment for dermatitis

A

Prevention is the most effective treatment; patient must be aware of triggers and avoid them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

salicyclic acid

A

burn off the wart keritoic tissue; first line therpay for warts promotes local immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

second line tx for warts

A

cryotherpay-liquid nitrogen to freeze off the wart-can be painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

big bugs for bacterial skin infections

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Beta-hemolytic forms of streptococci such as Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus, or GAS)
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus)

38
Q

scattered, discrete macules that itch and spread and develop into vesicles and pustules

A

imetigo and acthyma

39
Q

Infection involving the skin and subcutaneous layers, with the potential to spread systemically and cause serious illness

A

cellulits

40
Q

common culpits of cellulits

A

Group A Strep or S. aureus; insect bite or wound

41
Q

erysipelas

A

Superficial form of cellulitis; most common in children, especially infants and the elderly, but it can occur in healthy individuals who have sustained only minor wounds.

Most commonly found on the lower extremities but can also be present on the face and scalp.

Begins as an area of sharply demarcated erythema that spreads rapidly in minutes to hours.

The affected area is slightly raised, firm, warm, and tender to the touch (classic orange peel appearance).

42
Q

Superficial infection of the hair follicle commonly caused by S. aureus

A

folliculitis- pustular infections

43
Q

An extremely serious infection of the subcutaneous tissues that can be life threatening if not diagnosed early and treated appropriately

A

necrotizing fascitis

44
Q

Often requires emergent surgical interventions to remove infected tissue in combination with antibiotic therapy

A

necrotizing faciiitis

45
Q

paronychia

A

Infection of tissue surrounding a nail bed
Associated with nail biting, hangnails, or finger sucking

46
Q

felon

A

Fingertip wound of the pulp space in the tip of a digit, which is erythematous, edematous, and tender
If left untreated, abscess/tissue necrosis can occur

47
Q

treatments for paronychia and felon

A

Topical Mupirocin (Bactroban)
Dicloxacillin (Diclocil) OR
Cephalexin (Keflex)

48
Q

MILD MRSA tx for ABSSI

A

Oral antibiotic agents of choice includetrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SMX), tetracyclines (such asdoxycyclineorminocycline), orclindamycin

49
Q

SEVERE MRSA tx ABSSI

A

(all gram + coverage)

Vancomycin, Daptomycin, Linezolid (PO good bioavailability) & IV)

Ceftaroline (Teflaro) if resistant to above- 5th gen cephalosporin nothing else after this

50
Q

PSORIASIS patho

A

Autoimmune-mediated process are driven by abnormally activated helper T cells

APC activation requires costimulatory signals.

Once activated, psoriatic T cells produce a type 1 helper T cell–dominant cytokine profile that includes interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-γ, and IL-8.

These cytokines act to attract and activate neutrophils, which are responsible for much of the inflammation seen in psoriasis.

51
Q

Initiating Drug Therapy for Psoriasis

A

body surface area

Topical agents: 10% or less of body involvement

Phototherapy: greater than 10% BSA

Systemic agents: greater than 10% BSA

52
Q

goals of psoriasis tx

A

Decrease size and thickness of the plaque
Decrease pruritus
Improve emotional well-being and quality of life
Put the patient in remission
Have minimal side effects from treatment

53
Q

(polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds of coal)
Depress DNA synthesis and have anti-inflammatory and antipruritic properties
Available in ointment, gel preparation, bath preparation, and shampoo

A

coal tar old treatment for psorasis

54
Q

third line therpay for psoriasis

A

Refer to a dermatologist
Dermatologist may use ultraviolet B light treatments, antimetabolites, etanercept, retinoids, plus ultraviolet A light therapy

55
Q

acne vulgaris

A

exact cause remains unknown; exacerbating factors include foods, stress, dirt, oily agents, medications, friction

Excess androgen, increased sebum production. For unknown reasons, abnormal keratinization causes retention of sebum in the pilosebaceous follicle.

Causes whiteheads, blackheads

56
Q

Nonpharmacologic Therapy for Acne

A

Wash the face gently two or three times a day with mild soap.
Avoid harsh, drying cleansers.
Avoid manipulating acne with fingers.
Use moisturizers and cosmetics that are water based, noncomedogenic, and fragrance free.

57
Q

Goals of Drug Therapy for Acne

A

Minimize the number and severity of new lesions
Prevent scarring
Improve the patient’s appearance

58
Q

discontinue use if diarrhea develops; pseudomembranous colitis may develop

A

topical clindamycin

59
Q

hormonal agents for off label for females acne

A

spironlactone

60
Q

ipledge and accutane

A

Prescriber, pharmacy and patient must register
Pt. will not get pregnant and will use 2 forms of BC (Males, too)

61
Q

goal of drug tx for dermatatitis

A

Restoration of a normal epidermal barrier
Treatment of inflammation of the skin
Control of itching

62
Q

Topical Preparations to Treat Acne not as common

A

Erythromycin (many) 2% to 3% topical apply twice daily
Adverse event: irritation
Contraindication: allergy to erythromycin

63
Q

MSYK: Topical Preparations to Treat Acne for sure first one

A

Clindamycin (Cleocin T) apply to the skin twice a day

Adverse events: burning; stinging of eyes; possibly pseudomembranous colitis

Considerations: discontinue use if diarrhea develops; pseudomembranous colitis may develop

64
Q

topical can be used also for melasma and has antiinflammatory effect topical acne

A

Azelaic acid (Azelex) 20% cream apply twice a day.

Adverse events: pruritus, irritation.

Considerations: darker-pigmented people may have hypopigmentation; exacerbation of asthma.

65
Q

tretinoin

A

retina a cream for topical treatment for acne

contraindicated for sunburn or eczema

can cause erythema local skin irritation and photosensitivity***

66
Q

MSYK FIRST LINE FOR TOPICAL ACNE

A

benzoyl peroxide (many) 2.5% to 5.0% once a day; increase to two or three times daily.

Adverse event: irritation.

Contraindication: sunscreens containing para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) may cause transient skin discoloration.

Considerations: product may bleach fabrics. Apply at different time from other topical medications.

67
Q

due primarily to S. aureus

Contributing factors: person-to-person contact in schools or day care centers; poor hygiene, crowded living conditions

A

Impetigo and Ecthyma

68
Q

treatment for impetigo and ecthyma

A

topical mupirocin bactroban or dicloxacillan or keflex

69
Q

three types of tinea pedis

A

Interdigital: scaling, maceration, and fissures between the toes

Plantar: diffuse scaling of the soles, usually on the entire plantar surface

Acute vesicular: vesicles and bullae on the sole of the foot, the great toe, and the instep

yes to ointment

70
Q

factors that predispose people to fungal infections

A

Warm, moist, dark environments
Family history
Compromised immune system

71
Q

psoriasis emollient and topical corticosteroids

A

Emollients (adjunct therapy)
Eucerin cream/lotion, Lubriderm, and Moisturel
Hydrate the stratum corneum, decrease water evaporation, and soften the scales of plaque

topical corticosteroids: first line immune topical low potency and then go higher

72
Q

anthralin (zithanol)

A

inhibits dna synthesis and decreases epidermal proliferation, good therapy for limits number of lesions, available in a shampoo

73
Q

topical corticosteroids for ezcema (atopic dermatitis)

A

first line; least to high; if the patient has an infection no steroid due to the flare up can get worse;

Safer than systemic steroidal therapy

Effective for smaller outbreaks

Reduce inflammation and buildup of scale

Least potent topical corticosteroid should be used for the shortest possible time

Should be avoided if there are additional bacterial, viral, or fungal skin infections

Not recommended for prophylaxis?

74
Q

maximum recommendation length of time for treatment of topical corticosteroids

A

is 2 weeks for adults and 1 week for children.

75
Q

strength of topical corticosteroids used on the face and intertriginous (skin folds)

A

low potency

76
Q

systemic effect of children taking topical corticosteroids

A

Addison’s like picture effects on the pituitary and adrenal system

77
Q

topical immunosuppressive in ezcema

A

calcinurine; t cell activation supressing cytokine transcription

78
Q

name three topical immunosuppressants used for eczema

A

calciunire, pimecrolimus and tacrolimus

79
Q

+ or - this 2nd line treatment for moderate ezcema in the flowchart

A

crisaborole (eucrisa) is a topical phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for moderate ezcema

80
Q

another option for 2nd line treatment for moderate to severe eczema

A

uv phototherapy

81
Q

patient education for atopic dermatitis,

A

Teaching to avoid causative substance

Using mild soaps without perfume

Demonstrating how to apply topical preparations and occlusive dressing

Hydrating the skin before applying medication

Hydrating with bland emollients

Taking daily soaking baths for 10 to 20 minutes and using moisturizer afterward

82
Q

special population considerations for eczema

A

Pediatric
Topical corticosteroids should be used for only 7 days in children younger than age 6 and at the lowest potency.

Geriatric
Topical corticosteroids can cause atrophy of the skin in elderly people.

83
Q

dupilumab (dupixent)

A

injectable monoclonal antibody to treat moderate to severe AD eczema

84
Q

these medications are off label systemic immunomodulators

A

cyclosporine and methotrexate

85
Q

Tinea manus: hand

A

Dermatophyte infection of the hand

Always associated with tinea pedis and usually unilateral-biggie***

Lesions marked by mild, diffuse scaling of palmar skin

Vesicles may be grouped on the palms or fingernails involved

86
Q

Tinea unguium (onychomycosis): nails

A

Fungal infection of the nail; typically the toenails.

Nails become thick and scaly with subungual debris.

Onycholysis (nail separation from bed) may occur.

Under the nail, a hyperkeratotic substance accumulates that lifts the nail up.

takes a long time due to nail growth

no ointment systemic; would need to get a culture to ensure its fungal

87
Q

treatment for tinea corporis, cruris and pedia

A

topical like lamisil (terbinafine) and lotrim ultra (butenafine)

88
Q

how would you teach someone with chronic tinea pedis

A

wide shoes drying betweening toes after bathing and placing lambs wool between toes- dry up the excess moisture

89
Q

oral antifungal agents

A

toxic to the liver-hepatotoxic

90
Q

systemic AZOLE antifungals

A

MOA: Inhibit cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes and fungal 14-a-demethylase, inhibiting synthesis of ergosterol.

Systemic therapy is required for tinea capitis and tinea unguium.

Dosage: dosage of itraconazole (Sporanox) is 200 mg once daily for 12 weeks for toenail infection. For fingernail infection, the dose is 200 mg twice daily for 1 week, then 3 weeks off, and repeat dosing with 200 mg twice daily for 1 week.

Pharmacy NP (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions