Skin

Question 1

What is the difference between a macule and a patch?

Answer 1

size. Macule <.5, patch is >.5, both are flat and level to the skin

Question 2

What is the difference between a papule and a plaque?

Answer 2

size. papule <.5, plaque is >.5. Both are raised and superficial.

Question 3

What is the difference between a nodule and a tumor?

Answer 3

a nodule >.5 on the skin that extends deep, a tumor is a subcutaneous mass not on the superficial layer of the skin

Question 4

What is the difference between a wheal and a comedo?

Answer 4

A wheal is swelling/hives, whereas a comedo is a plugged hair follicle filled with sebum (acne)

Question 5

What is the difference between a pustule and a cyst?

Answer 5

size. <.5 for a pustule, >.5 for a cyst, both are filled with pus

Question 6

What is telangiectasia?

Answer 6

spider veins very fine in color

Question 7

What’s the difference between a vesicle and a bulla?

Answer 7

Size. <.5 and >.5cm , both have clear fluid

Question 8

What is the difference between excoriation and lichenification?

Answer 8

scratching versus repeat rubbing causing thickening of the skin

Question 9

What’s the difference between an erosion versus an ulcer?

Answer 9

an erosion is very defined, not very deep, more superficial, whereas the dermis is very deep, extending into many layers of the dermis

Question 10

What is the difference between scaling and crusting?

Answer 10

secondary lesions
scale is flatlike , crust is hardened deposits

Question 11

What is the difference between a fissure or atrophy?

Answer 11

secondary lesions
a fissure is linear, whereas atrophy is loss of skin elasticity

Question 12

What’s the difference between petechiae and purpura?

Answer 12

petechiae is pinpoint and nonblanching, whereas purpura is hemorrhage of blood vessels (thicker), nonblanching

Question 13

How much of the body weight does the skin take up?

Answer 13

16%

Question 14

What are the five pigments that make up the skin?

Answer 14

Melanin (brownish), carotone (golden yellow, palms/soles), oxyhemoglobin (reddish) and deoxyhemoglobin (Cyanosis), bilirubin (yellow-brown)

Question 15

What is the most important symptom when assessing rashes?

Answer 15

itching

Question 16

What are things that could cause generalized itching without apparent rash?

Answer 16

dry skin, pregnancy, uremia, jaundice, lymphomas, leukemia, drug reaction, lice.

Question 17

What do you measure sizes of skin lesions?

Answer 17

mm

Question 18

What does the telagiectatic configuration look like?

Answer 18

dendrites

Question 19

What does the reticulated configuration look like?

Answer 19

arteries going into capillaries

Question 20

What does a zosteriform configuration look like?

Answer 20

along a dermatome it looks like

Question 21

What does a keratotic configuration look like?

Answer 21

like it’s cracking and breaking off in little rectangles

Question 22

What’s the difference between a nodule and a papule?

Answer 22

a nodule is larger and deeper than a papule

Question 23

What’s the difference between tinea versicolor and vitiligo?

Answer 23

tinea versicolor is hyper or hypo pigmentation in a random area fungal infection common on back, vitiligo is hypopigmentation on hands

Question 24

What is carotenemia??

Answer 24

yellow hands

Question 25

What is heliotrope?

Answer 25

redness around the eyes

Question 26

What is ecchymosis?

Answer 26

bruising

Question 27

What is pityriasis rosea?

Answer 27

"herald patch" of red outline of patch

Question 28

What's the difference between eczema and psoriasis?

Answer 28

psoraisis is thicker more raised versus ezcema

Question 29

What cancers should you educate your patient of?

Answer 29

basal and squamous cell skin cancers, melanomas, all hazards of sun exposure, 20% of americans

Question 30

How do basal cell carcinomas present?

Answer 30

pearly erythematous translucent papules, or maybe subtle red macules

Question 31

How do squamous cell carcinomas present?

Answer 31

crusted with a rough surface of flat reddish patches, inflamed/ulcerated appearance

Question 32

How do melanomas present?

Answer 32

lethal, darker, have the ABCDEFG characteristics

Question 33

What is the ABCDEFG method?

Answer 33

asymmetry borders colors >2 diameter >6mm evolution firm growing

Question 34

What's the difference between actinic keratosis and seborrheic keratosis?

Answer 34

actinic - peeling, pale spots seborrheic - darker

Question 35

What is xanthelasma?

Answer 35

growths on the upper eye

Question 36

What is alopecia areata?

Answer 36

loss of hair in random sections

Question 37

What is trichotillomania?

Answer 37

hair pulling disorder

Question 38

What is tinea capitis?

Answer 38

fungal infection affecting hair

Question 39

What is paronychia?

Answer 39

Pus in the cuticle of the nail

Question 40

What is a felon?

Answer 40

pustule in the finger pad

Question 41

How can you diagnose clubbing?

Answer 41

schamroth's sign where the fingers go outward, but it's pretty obvious

Question 42

what's the difference between onychosis and onychomycosis?

Answer 42

onycholysis - white makes up 75% of the nail. Onychomycosis -- majority yellowy and gross

Question 43

What are terry's nails?

Answer 43

The lunae is extended a lot

Question 44

What are white spots on the nail?

Answer 44

leukonychia

Question 45

What are Mees' lines?

Answer 45

horizontalish white lines on nail bed

Question 46

What are Beau's Lines

Answer 46

what looks like horizontal depressions in the nail

Question 47

What is melanoma in nails?

Answer 47

dark spot; abnormal color

Question 48

What does tinea mean?

Answer 48

ringworm, fungal infection, ew!