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Anatomy Endterm > Skin 2 > Flashcards

Skin 2 Flashcards

1
Q

skin may be considered as what type of organ?

A

Sensory

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2
Q

Order of skin receptors from most superficial

A 
Meissners corpuscles 
Merkles corpuscles 
Free nerve ending 
Lamellated / pacinian corpsuscle
Ruffini corpuscle
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3
Q

What does meissners corpuscle sense?

A

Light touch

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4
Q

What does merkles corpuscle sense?

A

Touch

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5
Q

What do free nerve endings sense?

A

Pain

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6
Q

What do lamellated/ pacinians corpuscles sense?

A

Deep pressure

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7
Q

What do ruffini corpuscles sense?

A

Tensile force

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8
Q

What glands are widely distributed in the skin?

A

Sweat glands

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9
Q

Where are sweat glands situated?

A

Deeper dermis / hypodermis

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10
Q

What are sweat glands aka?

A

Sudoriferous glands

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11
Q

What do sweat glands respond to?

A

Body temp

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12
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

Merocrine and apocrine

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13
Q

Characteristics of merocrine glands

A

• Open via duct to pore on skin
surface
• Most common
• Numerous in palms and soles

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14
Q

Characteristics of apocrine glands

A
  • Ducts empty into hair follicles
  • Found in axillae, genitalia, around anus
  • viscid milky fluid
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15
Q

Why are apocrine glands known as scent glands?

A

Bc they develop a scent as the secretion is metabolized by bacteria

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16
Q

When are apocrine glands activated?

A

After puberty

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17
Q

Where are apocrine glands located?

A

in arm pit, groin, and around nipples, and bearded areas of face in adult males.

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18
Q

What are Apocrine ceruminous (wax), & mammary (milk) glands ?

A

types of apocrine glands that secrete cellular product and portion of the free ends of cells

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19
Q

When merocrine gland secretes ..

A

Cell remains intact

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20
Q

When apocrine gland secretes..

A

Small portion of gland secreted

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21
Q

When holocrine gland secretes..

A

Secretion and entire cell secreted in lumen

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22
Q

Apocrine sweat glands are found primarily in …. And may also be found in …

A

Found primarily in the axillary, pubic, and anal regions of the body.
• Also found in the facial region in men only.

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23
Q

Which type of sweat gland is larger apocrine or merocrine?

A

Apocrine

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24
Q

Where do apocrine sweat glands empty?

A

Hair follicles

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25
Q

Why is apocrine sweat thicker than merocrine sweat?

A

Because it contains more lipids and proteins

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26
Q

When does apocrine sweat release a foul ofor?

A

When its degraded by epidermal bacteria

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27
Q

When do apocrine glands secrete sweat?

A

during times of pain, stress, and

sexual activity

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28
Q

Apocrine sweat glands may have a __________ function

A

Pheromone-like

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29
Q

True or false. Apocrine sweat glands play a role in thermoregulation.

A

False they play no role.

30
Q

Glands are derivatives of what?

A

Epithelial tissue

31
Q

Where are sebaceous glands found?

A

All over except palms and soles of feet

32
Q

What are functions of sebaceous glands?

A

• Produce oil (Sebum)
• Lubricant for skin and
hair
• Kills bacteria

33
Q

What are sebaceous glands most associated with?

A

Most associated with ducts that empty into hair follicles

34
Q

What are holocrine glands ?

A

Glands that disintegrate cell and its contents for

secretion (SEBUM)

35
Q

When are holocrine glands activated?

A

Puberty

36
Q

What causes acne?

A

excess sebum production and active infection of sebaceous glands

37
Q

Sebaceous glands help…

A

keep skin and hair soft, pliable, and waterproof (prevents excessive evaporation also

38
Q

What are ceruminous glands?

A

Modified sweat glands

39
Q

What do ceruminous glands secrete?

A

waxy substance called cerumen

40
Q

Where are ceruminous glands located?

A

located in external ear canal

41
Q

What are mammary glands?

A

Modified sweat glands that secrete milk

42
Q

Where des hair originiate from?

A

Hair follicle

43
Q

What is a hair made up of ?

A

Root
Shaft
Medulla cortex cuticle

44
Q

What is a root surrounded by?

A

root hair plexus

45
Q

Whats the function of the root hair plexus?

A

Nourishment and nerve supply of hair

46
Q

What is the hair follicle associated eith?

A

sebaceous glands that secrete sebum

arrector pili- cold and fright

47
Q

What are the sebaceous glands associated with the hair follicle stimulated by?

A

Sex hormones

48
Q

What are conditions or infections associated with open pores?

A

Blackheads

Pimples

49
Q

Hair follicles

A

organs from which hairs develop and are surrounded by dense fibrous connective tissue that are from dermis

50
Q

Glassy membrane

A

a thickened basement membrane that separates the dermis from the epithelium of the hair follicle.

51
Q

Hair root

A

the expanded terminus of the hair follicle and its indented

52
Q

What together are known as the hair bulb?

A

Hair root and dermal papilla

53
Q

What does the dermal papilla contain?

A

Rich supply of capillaries

54
Q

What does Structure of Hair contain?

A 
Hair root 
Glassy membrane 
Dermal papilla
Cortex 
Medulla
Cuticle
55
Q

Medulla

A

the innermost region consisting of large cells and air spaces.

56
Q

Cortex

A

surrounds the medulla and consists of flattened keratinized cells

57
Q

Cuticle

A

outer layer of flat keratinized cells that overlap like shingles with their free edges pointing upward.

58
Q

hair root plexus

A

Network of sensory nerve endings wrapped around bulb of follicle

59
Q

What does the hair plexus allow?

A

Hairs to serve a sensory function

60
Q

Whats attached to each hair?

A

bundle of smooth muscle known as an arrector pili muscle.

61
Q

Whats the function of arrector pili?

A

In times of fright or cold, these muscles contract and cause the hair to stand on end – and produces goose bumps.

Increases airflow in mammals with significant hair (i.e., not humans) and increases the apparent size of an animal with significant hair. Vestigial in humans.

62
Q

Structures of nail

A 
Nail plate 
Nail bed
Cuticle ( eponychium)
Distal phalanx 
Nail matrix
Collagen fibers
Epidermis
Hyponychium
63
Q

What is the cuticle/ eponychium?

A

Layer above the nail plate

64
Q

Where is the nail bed located?

A

Under nail plate

65
Q

What part of the nail is rich in blood supply?

A

Nail matrix

66
Q

What is the nail plate?

A

Nail you look at

67
Q

Whats the hypochonium?

A

Attachment of nail

Area of transition between nail and nail bed

68
Q

What are examples of viral infections to the skin?

A

Small poxs
Chicken pox
Measles
Herpes simplex

69
Q

What are bacterial infections that affect the skin?

A 
• Pimples
• Acne
• Chancre-
gonorrhea and
syphilis (STDs)
70
Q

What are allergic reactions that affect the skin?

A
  • Eczema
  • Psoriasis
  • Urticaria
71
Q

What are allergic reactions that affect the skin?

A
  • Eczema
  • Psoriasis
  • Urticaria
72
Q

Why is the hair root concave?

A

the concavity conforms to the shape of the dermal papilla occupying it.

Anatomy Endterm (4 decks)

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