Skin Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
Adip/o
A
fat
2
Q
Albin/o
A
white
3
Q
Cutane/o
A
skin
4
Q
Derm/o
Dermat/o
A
skin
5
Q
Diaphor/o
A
profuse sweating
6
Q
Erythem/o
Erythemat/o
A
redness
7
Q
Hidr/o
A
sweat
8
Q
Icthy/o
A
dry, scaly
9
Q
Kerat/o
A
hard
10
Q
Lip/o
A
fat
11
Q
Myc/o
A
fungus
12
Q
Onych/o
A
nail
13
Q
Pil/o
A
hair
14
Q
Py/o
A
pus
15
Q
Trich/o
A
hair
16
Q
Ungu/o
A
nail
17
Q
Xer/o
A
dry
18
Q
Albino
A
person w/ skin deficient in melanin
19
Q
Integumentary system
A
skin, hair, nails
20
Q
Paronychium
A
soft tissue surrounding nail border
21
Q
Pruritus
A
itching
22
Q
Leuk/o
A
white
23
Q
Anthrac/o
A
black
24
Q
Melan/o
A
black
25
Chlor/o
green
26
Cirrh/o
tawny yellow
27
Cyan/o
blue
28
Eosin/o
rosy
29
Jaund/o
yellow
30
Lute/o
yellow
31
Xanth/o
yellow
32
Poli/o
gray
33
Primary skin lesions
Develop on previously unaltered skin; macule, papule, patch, plaque, nodule, wheal, tumor, urticaria (hives), vesicle, bulla, pustule, cyst
34
Macule
Small spot (<1cm), just a color change, not palpable. Ex) freckle, flat nevus (mole), hypopigmentation, petechiae, measles, scarlet fever, drug eruptions, 1st degree burns
35
Papule
Solid, elevated, palpable, circumscribed lesion (<1/2cm). Ex) elevated/compound nevus (mole), lichen planus, verucca (wart)
36
Patch
Macule that's >1cm. Ex) vitilgo, eccymosis
37
Plaque
Papules coalesce wider than 0.5cm to form a plateau-like disc-shaped lesion. Ex) psoriasis, lichen planus
38
Nodule
Solid, elevated lesion >0.5cm (may be hard or soft). May extend deeper into dermis than a papule, often firmer as well. Ex) xanthoma, fibroma, intradermal nevus, hypertrophic nodule, keratocanthoma
39
Tumor
Large nodule/lesion >a few cm in diameter, may be firm or soft, benign or malignant. Extends deeper into dermis. Ex) lipoma, hemangioma
40
Wheal
Superficial, raised, transient & erythematous area of localized skin edema (irregular shape). Ex) mosquito bites, allergic reaction, dermatographism, urticaria (aka hives; wheals coalesce to form extensive reactions, intensely pruritic)
41
Vesicle
An accumulation of fluid between the upper layers of the skin producing an elevation covered by a translucent epithelium that is easily punctured to release the serous fluid. Up to 0.5cm. Ex) herpes simplex 1&2, early varicella, herpes zoster, contact dermatitis
42
Bulla
Superficial (in epidermis), thin walled, single chambered (unilocular) lesion >0.5cm that's filled w/ serous fluid. Ex) friction blister, pemphigus, 2nd degree burns, contact dermatitis
43
Pustule
Tiny circumscribed & elevated abscesses in the skin. Frequently arise from hair follicles or sweat glands. Cavity is pus filled & covered by translucent skin, can appear milky, orange, yellow, green depending on infecting organism. Ex) impetigo, acne, folliculitis
44
Cyst
Encapsulated, fluid-filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer that tensely elevates skin. Often appear like papules or nodules. Can puncture to biopsy contents. Ex) sebaceous cyst
45
Patchy, asymmetric balding that accompanies severe illness or use of chemotherapy
Toxic Alopecia
46
Sudden appearance of a sharply circumscribed, round or oval balding patch, usually w/ smooth or hairless skin underneath
Alopecia areata
47
Linear or oval patch of hair loss along hair-line, due to things like hair rollers, tight braiding & tight pony tail
Traumatic/Traction alopecia
48
Tramatic, self-induced hair loss usually due to compulsive twisting or plucking. Can be a serious problem in adults & is usually a sign of a personality disorder
Trichotillomania
49
Inflammatory condition mostly affecting the face, resulting in comedones, papules, pustules, nodules & occasionally scarring. Onset most frequently at puberty although it can develop in the 3rd/4th decades of life. Food has little effect on development. Menstrual cycle may increase or decrease incidence, as may pregnancy.
Acne
50
Injury to tissues by heat contact
Burns
51
Heat contact injury w/ superficial epidermal lesions, erythema, pain, no blisters.
1st Degree Burn
52
Heat contact injury w/ epidermal & dermal lesions, erythema, pain & blisters. Partial-thickness.
2nd Degree Burn
53
Heat contact injury w/ destruction of epidermis, dermis & subcutaneous layers. Charred white tissue. Full-thickness.
3rd Degree Burn
54
Inflammation of the cells indicating an acute spreading infection of the dermis & subcutaneous tissues resulting in pain, erythema, edema & warmth. Usually occurs when microorganisms invade disrupted skin.
Cellulitis
55
Chronic, recurrent, pruritic inflammatory skin disorder. Mostly associated w/ a family or personal history of allergies/asthma or a secondary bacterial infection. Unknown cause. Signs/symptoms; constant pruritis (which produces erythema & lichenification of the skin), lesions on the face/neck/upper trunk (characteristic distribution) also antecubital & popliteal fossa. Treated w/ creams & avoidance of offending organisms
Eczema (atopic dermatitis)
56
Rash of the skin due to a viral infection, very common in children. Examples include; varicella, erythema infectiosum, coxsachie virus.
Exanthematous viral disease
57
Local death of soft tissue due to disease or injury associated w/ loss of blood supply. Increased risk w/ diabetes. Signs/symptoms; pain, foul odor, dark skin, crepitation. Treated w/ surgical debridement.
Gangrene
58
Infection caused by staph aureus (Group A Beta-hemolytic streptococci/ GABHS) which enter through damaged skin & are transmitted through direct contact. After infection, new lesions may be seen on the patient w/ no apparent break in the skin although they frequently will demonstrate some physical damage upon close examination. "honey-colored crusts".
Impetigo
59
Chronic, recurrent skin disorder characterized by well-defined erythematous plaques w/ a silvery scale. Knees & elbow are most common sites. Also see pitting nails & oncholysis (separation of the nail plate from the nail bed).
Psoriasis
60
Mite infection; burrow in finger webs, flexor surfaces (elbows, axillary folds), areola, belt line. Causes intense pruritis & often secondary infections caused by intense scratching. All contacts must be treated w/ permethrin applied all over body for minimum 12 hours
Scabies
61
Chronic, progressive disease of the skin w/ hardening & shrinking of connective tissues. More common in women.
Scleroderma/PPS (Progressive Systemic Sclerosis)
62
Butterfly pattern rash on face associated w/ this disease
Systemic lupus erythematosus
63
Fungal infection of the skin
Tinea (Corporis, pedis, pubis, capitis)
64
Acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin. Associated w/ itching & swelling & angioedema
Urticaria (Hives)
65
Swelling around the face
Angioedema
66
Acquired condition of the complete absence of melanin in patchy areas of skin. Can occur in all races. White/light lesions are prone to sunburn. Associated w/ Addison's disease, DM, pernicious anemia, thyroid disease & head trauma.
Vitilgo (aka leukoderma)
67
Increased growth of keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction
Callus
68
Hypertrophied, thickened scar. Blacks more prone to this condition.
Keloid
69
Painless skin tumors characterized by a thickened epithelial area, mostly caused by HPV
Verruca (warts)
70
Most common type of wart
Verruca vulgaris
71
Plantar wart
Verruca plantaris
72
Venereal wart
Condyloma acuminatum
73
Most common form of skin cancer, also known as a rodent ulcer. Occurs mostly on sun-exposed area particularly upper lip, ear lobes, and hairline. Genetic predisposition in light skinned individuals. Metastasis is rare. Characteristic lesion is shiny, slow-growing papule w/ a pearly border w/ telangiectasia and a central ulcer.
Basal cell carcinoma
74
Vascular tumor of skin and viscera. Red-blue violaceous tumors associated w/ AIDs
Kaposi sarcoma
75
Aggressive, rapidly growing tumor originating from the melanocytes. May metastasize to any region of the body. Leading cause of death from skin diseases. Blistering intermittent sunburns and intense sun exposure increases risk.
Malignant melanoma
76
ABCDE's for Melanoma
```
Asymmetry
Borders are irregular
Color Variation (esp blue/black)
Diameter >6mm
Elevation
```
77
Malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells of the epidermis. Associated w/ chronic sun exposure in light skinned people (male>female). Treated w/ excision.
Squamous cell carcinoma
78
Best suited for use in light skinned patients for treatment of benign lesions in most non hair-bearing areas of the body including actinic keratosis, solar lentigo, seborrheic keratosis, viral wart, molluscum contagiosum, and dermatofibroma.
Cryosurgery
79
Use of an electrical current to destroy cancerous or abnormal tissue and control bleeding.
Electrodessication
80
A procedure in which skin cancers are excised at a 45 degree angle w/ subsequent identification of residual tumor using light microscopy. This method provides total histological control of the surgical margins and achieves the lowest recurrence rate w/ maximal preservation of uninvolved tissue.
Mohs micrographic surgery
