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Skin Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

Macule

A

Flat, circumscribed area that is a change in color of the skin. less than 1 cm in diameter. Ex: Freckles,, flat moles, petechiae, measles, scarlet fever

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2
Q

papule

A

an elevated, firm, circumscribed area. less than 1 cm D. ex. Wart, elevated moles, lichen planus

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3
Q

Patch

A

A flat, nonpalpable, irregular-shaped macule greater than 1 cm in D. ex. vitiligo, port-wine stain, mongolian sports, cafe au lait patch

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4
Q

Plaque

A

Elevated, firm and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in D. EX. psoriasis, seborrheic and actinic keratoses

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5
Q

Wheal

A

Elevated, irregular- shaped area of cutaneous edema,solid transient, variable diameter. EX: insect bites, urticaria, allergic reaction

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6
Q

Nodule

A

Elevated firm circumscribed lesion, deeper in dermis than in papule. 1-2cm in D. EX: Eythema nodosum, lipoma

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7
Q

Tumor

A

Elevated and solid lesion, may or may not be clearly demarcated. deeper in dermis, greater than 2 cm in diamter EX: neoplasms, benign tumor, lipoma

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8
Q

Vesicle

A

Elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis. filled with serous fluid. less than 1 cm in diameter. Varicella, herpes zoster

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9
Q

bulla;

A

Vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter. EX: blister, pemphigus vulgaris

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10
Q

Pustule

A

Elevated, superficial lesion, filled with purulent fluid. EX: impetigo, acne

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11
Q

Cyst

A

Elevated, circumscribed encapsulated lesion, in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semisolid material. EX: Sebaceous cyst, cystic acne

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12
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Fine, irregular, red lines produced by capillary dilation. EX: Telangiectasia in rosacea

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13
Q

Scale

A

Heaped-up, keratinized cells, flaky skin, irregular, thick or thick, dry or oily. variation in size. EX: flaking of skin with seborrheic dermatitis following scarlet fever or flaking of skin following a drug reaction, dry skin

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14
Q

lichenification

A

rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation. ex. Chronic derm

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15
Q

Keloid

A

Irregular shaped elevated. progressively growing scar. caused by excess collagen formation during healing. EX: Formation following surgery

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16
Q

scar

A

thin to thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin following injury or laceration to the dermis. EX: healed wound or surgical incision

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17
Q

excoriation

A

loss of epidermis, linear hollowed-out crusted area. EX: abrasion or scratch scabies

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18
Q

Fissure

A

Linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis. ex athletes food, cracks at the corner of mouth

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19
Q

erosion

A

loss of part of the epidermis, depressed, mois glistening. ex. varicella, variola after rupture

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20
Q

ulcer

A

loss of epidermis and dermis, concave. Decubiti, statis ulcers

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21
Q

Crust

A

Dried serum, blood, purulent exudate. multicolored. scab on abrasion, eczema.

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22
Q

Atrophy

A

Thinning of skin surface, loss of skin markings. EX: Striae, aged skin.

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23
Q

purpura

A

Red-purple nonblanchable discoluration greater than 0.5 cm diameter. Cause: Intravascular defects, infection

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24
Q

Petechiae

A

Red-purple nonblanchable discoloration less than 0.5 cm Cause: Intravascular defects, infection

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25
Ecchymoses
red purple non blanchable discoloration variable in size. Cause: vascular wall destruction, trauma, vasculitis
26
spider angioma
red central body with radiatiing spiderlike legs that blanch with pressure to the central body. Cause: liver disease, Vitamin B def, idiopathic
27
venous star
bluish spider, linear or irregularly shaped, does not blanch with pressure. Cause: increased pressure in superficial veins
28
Capillary hemangioma
red irregular macular patches: causes dilation of dermal cap
29
Eczematic Dermatitis
most common inflam skin disorder. Several forms: irritatnt contact, allergic contact, atopic
30
acute phase of Eczematic Dermatitis
eythrematous, pruritic, weeping vesicles
31
Subacute phase of Eczematic Dermatitis
erythema and scaling
32
chronic stage of Eczematic Dermatitis
thick, lichenified, pruritic plaques
33
Folliculitis
Inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis
34
Furuncle (boil)
Deep-seated infection of the pilosebaceous unit
35
Most common organism of boil?
Staphylococcus aureus
36
Cellulitis
Diffuse, acute, infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
37
major causes of cellulitis
streptococcus pygenes or S. Aureus
38
Tinea
Group of noncandidal fungal infection
39
Tinea corporis
nonhairy parts of body
40
tinea cruris
on groin and inner thigh
41
Tinea capitis
on the scalp
42
tinea pedis
on feet
43
tinea unguium
on nails
44
pityriasis rosea
self-limiting inflammation of unknown cause
45
psoriasis
chronic and recurrent disease of keratin synthesis
46
how is psoriasis characterized by
well-circumscriped, dry silvery scaling papules and plaques.
47
rosacea
chronic inflammatory skin disorder
48
herpes zoster
varicella- zoster viral infection
49
herpes simplex
infection by herpes simplex virus
50
drug erruption
immunologically mediated cutaneous reaction to IGE dependent, cytotoxic, immune complex and cell mediated hypersensitivity non immunological to direct release of mast cell and idiosyncratic reaction
51
acnthosis nigricans
nonspecific reaction pattern associated with obesity, certain endocrine syndromes, or malignancies or as an inheritied disorder
52
basal cell carcinoma
most common form of skin cancer. arises in basal layer of epidermis. skinny nodule that is pearly or translucent.
53
Squamous cell carcinoma
second most common. arises in epithellium. elevated growth with a central depression. precursor is actinic keratosis
54
malignant melanoma
lethal form of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes
55
A of melenoma
Asymmetry. one-half of mole or birthmark doesn't match the other
56
B of Melenoma
edges are irregular, ragged, notched or blured
57
C of Mel
color not the same all over
58
D of mel
The diameter is >6 cm
59
E for mel
changes in existing pigment lesions, particularly in nonuniform pattern =.
60
Kaposi sarcoma
a neoplasm of the endothelium and epithelial layer of skin
61
alopecia areata
sudden, rapid, patchy loss of hair, usually from the scalp or face
62
scarring alopecia
scarring and destruction of hair follicles and permanent hair loss
63
traction alopecia
prolonged tension of the hair from traction breaks hair shaft
64
hirsutism
growth of terminal hair in women in the male distribution pattern on the face, body and pubic areas.
65
paronychia
inflammation of the paronychium
66
onychomycosis
fungal infection of the nail
67
ingrown nails
nail pierces the lateral nail fold and grows into the dermis
68
subungual hematoma
trauma to the nail plate severe enough to cause immediate bleeding and pain
69
leukonychia punctata
white spots on nail plate
70
median nail dystrophy
nail deformity as result of nail picking or biting habit.
71
onycholusis
loosening of the nail plate with separation from the nail
72
koilonychia (spoon nails)
central depression of the nail with lateral elevation of the nail plate
73
beau lines
transverse depression in the nail bed
74
white banding (Terry nails)
transverse white bands
75
warts
epidermal neoplasm caused by viral infection
76
digital mucous cysts
cystlike structures contain a clear jelly like substance
77
pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy
a benign dermatosis that usually arises late in the third trimester of a first pregnancy
78
herpes gestationis
rare autoimmune disorder of pregnancy
79
seborrheic dermatits
chronic, recurrent, erythematous scaling eruption localized in areas where secaceous glands are concentrated. scalp lesions are scaling, adherent, thick, yellow and crusted"craddle cap"
80
miliaria rubra "prickly heat"
caused by sweat retention from occlusion of sweat ducts during periods of heat and high humiditiy.
81
impetigo
common contagious superficial skin infection. caused by staph and or infection of epidermis
82
acne vulgaris
androgen stimulates sebacus to produce lots sebum and the kereatination proccess of the canal is dirupted leading to comedo formation - open blackheads and closed whiteheads
83
chickenpox (varicella)
acute, highly communicalble disease common in children
84
measles
measules virus infect the resp epithelium.. forms koplik spots on buccal mucosa. macular rash develops on face.
85
German measles (rubella)
mild, febrile, highly communicable viral disease. generalized light pink to red maculopapular rash
86
hair puling
loss of scalp hair can be caused by physical manipulation.
87
Statis dermatitis
ocurs on lower legs. erythematous, scaling, weeping patches on LE, ulceration may be present
88
solar keratosis (actinic keratosis)
squamous cell carcinoma confined to the epidermis.
89
Faun Tail nevus
tuft of hair overlying the spinal column at birth, usually in the lumbosacral area. maybe with spina bifida occulta
90
epidermal verrucous nevi
wart lesion in a linear or whorled patern. associated with skeletal, CNS, and ocular abnormalities
91
cafe au lait
flat, evenly pid sport in varying color, larger than 5mm. maybe associated with neurofibromatosis
92
frecking in the axilary or inguinal
multiple flat pigmented macule with neurofibromatosis
93
ash leaf macule
white macule associated with tuberous sclerosis
94
facial port-wine stain
may be associated with glaucoma or maybe accompanied by angiomatous malformation of the meninges
95
port wine stain of limb
may be associated with orthopedic problems
96
congenital lymph
my be associated with gonagal dysgenses caused by abscence of an x chromosome
97
supernumerary nipples
congential accessory nipples with or without glandular tissue. renal abnorm
98
hair collar sign
a ring of long dark coarse hair surrounding a midline scalp module in infants is usually an isolated cutaneous anomaly that may indicate neural tube closure defects of the scalp

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