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Physical Assessment > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Macule

A

cirucumscribed, flat, nonpalpable change in skin color
up to 1cm
ex. freckles, flat nevi, hypopigmentation, petechiae, measles, scarlet fever

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2
Q

Patch

A

macule larger than 1 cm

ex. Mongolian spot, vitiligo, cafe au lait spot, choloasma, measles rash

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3
Q

Papule

A

palpable, elevated, circumscribed, solid mass
caused by superficial thickening in the epidermis
up to 0.5 cm
ex. Elevated nevus, lichen planus, molluscum, wart

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4
Q

Plaque

A

flat, elevated surface larger than 0.5 cm
often formed by coalescence of papules
larger than 0.5cm
ex. Psoriasis, lichen planus, xanthoma

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5
Q

Nodule

A

solid, elevated, firm or soft mass larger than 0.5cm
may be firmer and extend deeper into the dermis than a papule
0.5 to 1 or 2cm
ex. Xanthoma, fibroma, intradermal nevi

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6
Q

Tumor

A 
solid, elevated, firm or soft mass larger than 1-2cm
extending even deeper into dermis
may be benign or malignant
larger than 1-2cm
ex. Lipoma, hemangioma
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7
Q

Wheal

A

superficial, raised, erythmatous, transient lesion with somewhat irregular borders due to localized edema
size varies
ex. mosquito bite, allergic reaction, dermographism

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8
Q

Urticaria

A

Wheals coalescing to form an extensive reaction
intensely pruritic
size varies
ex. Hives

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9
Q

Vesicle

A

circumscribed, superficial, elevated cavity containing free fluid
clear fluid flows if wall is ruptured
up to 1cm
ex. Herpes simplex, early varicella, herpes zoster (shingles), contact dermatitis

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10
Q

Bulla

A 
larger vesicle
usually single chambered (unilocular)
superficial in epidermis
thin-walled (ruptures easily)
Larger than 1cm
ex. friction blister, pemphigus, burns, contact dermatitis
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11
Q

Pustule

A

circumscribed, superficial, elevated cavity containing turbid fluid (pus)
up to 1cm
ex. impetigo, acne

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12
Q

Cyst

A

encapsulated, fluid- or pus-filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer
tensely elevating the skin
larger than 1cm
ex. sebaceous cyst, wen

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13
Q

secondary skin lesion

A

usually occur after a primary lesion

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14
Q

Crust

A

thickened, dried residue or burst vesicles, pustules, or blood
can be red-brown, honey-colored, or yellow depending on fluid’s origin
ex. eczema, impetigo, scab following an abrasion

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15
Q

Scale

A 
compact, desiccated flakes of skin
dry or greasy
silvery or white, from shedding excess dead keratin cells
visible exfoliation of the dermis
ex. post scarlet fever or drug reaction
psoriasis (silvery)
seborrheic dermatitis (yellow, greasy)
dandruff, dry skin
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16
Q

excoriation

A

scratch
superficial
ex. scratch from a foreign body, insect bites, scabies, dermatitis, varicella

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17
Q

Fissure

A

linear crack with abrupt edges
extends into dermis
can be dry or moist
ex. Cheilosis (at corners of mouth), athlete’s foot, anal fissure

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18
Q

Erosion

A

superficial, circumscribed loss of epidermis
leaves a scooped-out, but shallow depression
moist, but no bleeding
heals without a scar because does not extend into dermis
ex. stage 2 decubitus ulcer, burn (most likely a scalding)

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19
Q

Ulcer

A

circumscribed depression extending into the dermis
irregular shape
may bleed
leaves a scar
ex. stasis ulcer, pressure sore, chancre, malignant growth

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20
Q

scar

A

replacement of destroyed normal skin tissue by fibrous connective tissue
a permanent change

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21
Q

keloid

A

hypertrophic scar
resulted skin level is elevated by excess scar tissue
ex. keloid

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22
Q

Lichenification

A

thickening and roughening of skin, usually a result of intense scratching
results from a set of tightly packed set of papules
causes increased visibility of the superficial skin markings
ex. long-standing eczema, atopic dermatitis

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23
Q

Jaundice

A

rise in bilirubin in blood
1st place noticeable–sclera of eye or roof of mouth
hepatitis, sickle cell, cirrhosis of liver
infants–physiological-first few days

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24
Q

Erythema

A

excess blood supply in areas closest to surface
blushing or infection
in darker skinned people–feel if warmth or skin more taut
most common–carbon monoxide poisoining

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25
Cyanosis
``` bluish, modeled color decreased perfusion of oxygenated blood most often will show signs of low oxygen level--general generalized--heart failure, sepsis hypoxemia ```
26
Vitiligo
acquired condition absence of melanin usually on the face, neck
27
Acanthosis Nigricans
adolescents increased pigmentation around the neck precursor to diabetes can be a sign of a tumor or other condition
28
Mongolian spots
``` due to deeper melanocytes sacrum and buttocks does not blanche will go away infants ```
29
Cafe au lait spot
generally benign light brown pigmentation if 6 or more, send for consult
30
Acrocyanosis
common in newborn the first day | does blanche
31
Cutis marmorata
response to cold can be critical for baby--oxygen needs double with a two-degree change in temperature
32
Acne
comedonal--whitehead (closed), blackhead (open) | pustular--infection, larger
33
Senile lentigines
liver spots
34
Lymphedema
does not pit, but obvious to see
35
orthostatic edema
result of standing in place for a long time
36
edema
signs of fluid in interstitial tissues | to test, push with thumb over bony prominence for 4-5 sec
37
eschar
black
38
serous
yellow
39
purulent
puss filled
40
serosanguinous
yellow with a tinge of blood
41
annular
circular lesion
42
confluent
legions running together
43
discrete
single lesion
44
grouped
cluster of lesions
45
gyrate
twisted, coiled lesions
46
target
lesion with target in center (Lyme)
47
polycyclic
circular lesions growing together
48
zosteriform
follows the nerve root, when comes back follows the same root
49
petechiae
vascular lesion red pin sized macules of blood in skin less than 3mm
50
purpura
vascular lesion larger macule or papule of blood in the skin 0.3-1cm do not blanch
51
ecchymosis
vascular lesion from a bruise small hemorrhagic spot in the skin or mucous membrane larger than a petechia non-elevated, rounded, or irregular blue or purplish patch escape of blood into tissue from ruptured blood vessels 1cm
52
Cherry angioma
``` vascular lesion start around age 30 also called Campbell de Morgan spots small bright red papules benign common on trunks of middle-aged and elderly ```
53
spider angioma
vascular lesion--will blanch if a lot on trunk--liver disease children and pregnant women can have (esp. on face)
54
Telangiectasia
inside basal cell carcinomas permanently dilated and visible vessels in skin can appear as linear, punctuate, or stellate crimson-purple markings can be caused by nifedipine
55
Nevus Flammeus--Port Wine Stain
``` type of erythematous "stork bite" on babies present at birth caused by dilated dermal capillaries pale pink to purple macules ```
56
Herpes Simplex I
viral infection | cold sore
57
Herpes Simplex II
viral infection | can be found in mouth or on genitals
58
Varicella (chicken pox)
viral infection | another form of herpes
59
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
viral infection zoster--only on one side if on facial nerve, can paralyze if in ear, can go deaf
60
Skin Cancer Warning Signs
A--Asymmetry in shape B--Border irregularity C--Color is mottled-shades of brown, black, grey, red, white D--Diameter is unusually large (greater than pencil tip) E--Elevation is almost always present E--Enlargement--history of increase in size (malignant melanoma)
61
Basal Cell Carcinoma
``` most common malignancy locally invasive and destructive slow growing rarely metastasized almost translucent, dome-shaped papule with overlying telangeictasias (permanently dilated blood vessels) ```
62
Acetinic keratosis on scalp
keratonic lesions with malignant potential | can turn into squamous cell carcinoma
63
Squamous cell carcinoma
de novo--show up by itself invasive malignancy commonly found on head, neck or hands may arise from acetinic keratosis
64
melanoma
superficial spreading--flat and irregular | nodular--dark color
65
Hirsutism
excessive hairiness on women in those parts of body where terminal hair does not normally occur or is minimal depends on genetic background on face and back check for polycystic ovarian syndrome
66
Clubbing
when end of nail flattens and becomes greater than 180 degrees

Physical Assessment (4 decks)

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