Skin Flashcards
(47 cards)
Adipose Tissue
Vascular, loose connective tissue that stores fat and provides energy, cushioning and insulating.
Stores fat so liable vitamins: A, D, E, and K.
Blister
Collection of fluid at the junction between the dermis and epidermis due to friction.
Bony Prominence
Areas of the body, such as the heel or sacrum, which are protected by a relatively thin layer of subcutaneous tissue only. Bony prominences tend to be susceptible to pressure ulcers.
Callus
Localized build-up of stratum corneum cells due to pressure or friction.
Cell adhesion
The binding of a cell to a surface, extra cellular matrix or another cell using cell adhesion molecules such as selectins, integrins and cadherins
Collagen
Main supportive protein of the skin and gives it its tensile strength.
Collagen type 1- 77-85%
Collagen type 3 15-23%
Collagen type V and VI in small amounts.
Primary constituents are: proline, glycine, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine.
Elastin
Protein in connective tissue that is elastic and allows many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching and contracting.
Acid Mantle
Very fine, slightly acidic film over the epidermis. The acid mantle and stratum corneum make the skin less permeable to water, and indirectly protect the skin from microorganisms.
Fascia
Fibrous connective tissue that separates and surrounds structures, and facilitates movement between adjacent structures
Full Thickness Wound
Wound that extends through the epidermis and dermis and into or through the subcutaneous tissue.
Exames: full thickness burn, stage III pressures ulcer, Wagner grade 2-5.
Hair
Epidermal appendage located in the dermis made of soft keratin
Histamine
Chemical mediator released by mast cells which causes vasodilation and vessel wall permeability, and attracts other cells to the area.
Keratin
A protein produced by karat unicycles. Nails are made of hard keratin; hair is made of soft keratin.
Keratinocytes
Epidermal cell that resurfaces a wound and produces keratin. Responsible for epithelialization.
Langerhan’s cell
Epidermal cell that assists with infection control via phagocytosis. Contained in the Stratum Spinosum layer and Stratum Granulosum.
Macrophage
Cell that directs the repair process, secretes growth factors and enzymes and destroys bacteria and debris
Mast cell
Cell that helps initiate inflammation through secretion of histamine, enzymes, and chemical mediators
Melanin
Dark pigment of the skin and hair, formed by Melanocytes
Malanocyte
Pigment producing cell within the epidermis in the stratum basale layer. Melanocytes protect the skin from UV rays.
Merkel’s Cell
Sensory receptor with the epidermis providing information on light touch by attaching to keratinocytes by desmosones
Papillary Dermis
Thin superficial dermal layer consisting of loosely arranged connective tissue housed in a gelatinous matrix called ground substance. Dermal papillae conform to the contours of the stratum basale through rete pegs. Makes up 20% of the dermis. Distinct and unique pattern of collagen and reticular fibers allow for fingerprint identification. Also houses Meissner corpuscles which detect light touch.
Partial-thickness wound
Wound involving the epidermis and part of the dermis.
Blister, second degree burn, stage 2 pressure ulcer, Wagner grade 1 ulcer.
Phagocytizing
Process of engulfing and destroying bacteria and/or debris
Reticular dermis
Thick, deep dermal layer consisting of dense, irregularly arranged connective tissue that gives strength to the skin. Makes up 80% of the dermal thickness. Collagen, sweat glands, hair follicles, nerves and blood vessels.
