Skin

Question 1

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 1

Protection
Moisture control
Metabolic function
Sensation
Thermoregulation

Question 2

What are the three layers of the skin?

Answer 2

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

Question 3

What is the epidermis?

Answer 3

The outer epithelial layer

Question 4

What is the function of the epidermis?

Answer 4

Protection - basal layers folded into dermal papillae

Question 5

What is the dermis?

Answer 5

Underlying layer of connective tissue

Question 6

What is the function of the dermis?

Answer 6

Sensation, protection, thermal regulation, nerves, blood supply - apical layers form dermal papillae

Question 7

What is the hypodermis?

Answer 7

Loose connective tissue deep to the dermis - adipose tissue considered to be part of the skin

Question 8

How is skin classified?

Answer 8

Classified as thin or thick - according to the thickness of epidermis

Question 9

What type of skin has hair follicles?

Answer 9

Thin skin

Question 10

What type of skin is glabrous (non hairy)?

Answer 10

Thick skin

Question 11

Where is thick skin located?

Answer 11

In areas of abrasion - palm, sole of feet, fingertips

Question 12

what makes up the epidermis?

Answer 12

Keratinised, stratified squamous epithelium

Question 13

Which layer of skin is made up of Keratinised, stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 13

Epidermis

Question 14

How many layers are there in thick skin?

Answer 14

5

Question 15

What are the 5 layers of thick skin

Answer 15

Stratum basal
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

Question 16

What is stratum basal?

Answer 16

A layer of thick skin responsible for constant regeneration of the other layers of epidermis.

Question 17

Which layer do cells divide in?

Answer 17

Stratum basal

Question 18

What is stratum spinosum?

Answer 18

Cells have lots of desmosomes which anchor the cells to each other and contain thick tufts of intermediate filament (keratin)

Question 19

Which layer do cells start to lose their nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles and begin to turn into keratinised squares of the next layer?

Answer 19

Stratum Granulosum

Question 20

What is the function of stratum granulosum?

Answer 20

The granules contain lipid rich secretions which act as water sealant

Question 21

What is stratum lucidum?

Answer 21

Thin transparent layer - sometimes absent from thin skin

Question 22

What is stratum corneum?

Answer 22

Keratinised squares layer - layer of dead cells reduced to flattened squares filled with densely packed keratin

Question 23

Which layer is sometimes absent from thin skin?

Answer 23

Stratum lucidem

Question 24

What are the three types of non epithelial cells present in the epidermis?

Answer 24

Melanocytes
Merkel cells
Langerhans cells

Question 25

What type of non-epithelial cell gives the pigment in skin?

Answer 25

Melanocytes

Question 26

What type of non-epithelial cell has an immunological role?

Answer 26

Langerhans cells

Question 27

Which type of non-epithelial cell acts as a mechanoreceptor?

Answer 27

Merkel cells

Question 28

Which layer is squamous cell carcinoma in?

Answer 28

Granular/keratin layer

Question 29

Which layer is a basal cell carcinoma in?

Answer 29

Basal layer

Question 30

Which layer is a malignant melanoma in?

Answer 30

basal later - melanocytes within the basal layer (least common but most dangerous)

Question 31

What is the name for a small rough lump that develops on hands and feet?

Answer 31

Wart

Question 32

What causes warts?

Answer 32

HPV infection - causes excess keratin production in the epidermis

Question 33

What type of skin are hair, sebaceous glands and sweat glands absent from?

Answer 33

Thick skin

Question 34

What is the function of an eccrine sweat gland?

Answer 34

Synthesis of thin water liquid (sweat) which passes along eccrine ducts and deposits onto skin surface for thermoregulation

Question 35

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

Answer 35

Secrete sebum into hair follicles - provides waterproofing

Question 36

What is the function of hair follicles?

Answer 36

Produce long thin cylindrical structures composing of mainly keratin and arranged in an organised manner for thermoregulation

Question 37

How is acne developed?

Answer 37

By sebaceous glands producing excess sebum

Question 38

What is the function of arrector pills muscles?

Answer 38

contraction causes hair to stand on end - provides insulation through trapping air

Question 39

What type of nerve supply do arrestor pills muscles and eccrine sweat glands have?

Answer 39

Sympathetic nerve supply

Question 40

What is the dermis made up of?

Answer 40

Connective tissue - containing irregular bundles of collagen and elastic fibres

Question 41

How many layers are there in the dermis?

Answer 41

2 - superficial loosely woven papillary layer | - Deep thicker denser reticular layer

Question 42

Which layer contains blood and nerve supply of the skin?:

Answer 42

The dermis

Question 43

\which layer is damaged in 1st degree burn?

Answer 43

epidermis

Question 44

Which degree burn damages the epidermis and dermis?

Answer 44

second

Question 45

Which layers are damaged in a third degree burn?

Answer 45

Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis

Question 46

What is the name for an area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve?

Answer 46

Dermatome - each nerve relays sensation from a particular region of the skin to the brain

Question 47

What type of receptor is in the basal cell epidermis and detects sustained touch and pressure?

Answer 47

Merkel cell - neurite complex - slow speed of adaptation

Question 48

What is the function of pascinian corpuscle?

Answer 48

Detects deep pressure and rapid vibration Deep in hypodermis of soles of feet Rapid speed of adaptation

Question 49

What type of receptor resides in the dermal papillae of skin, fingertips, eyelids and nipples?

Answer 49

Reissner's corpuscle - rapid speed of adaptation - Detects changes in texture, pressure and vibration

Question 50

What are ruffini endings receptors

Answer 50

The reside in the dermis layer Detect stretching, shearing Slow speed of adaptation

Question 51

Which receptors have slow speed of adaptation?

Answer 51

Ruffini endings and Merkel cell - neurite complex

Question 52

Which receptors have fast speed of adaptation?

Answer 52

Pascinian corpuscle and Meissner's corpuscle