Skin

Question 1

__________ is the outer layer of skin and is derived from ectoderm

Answer 1

Epidermis

Question 2

_________ is the inner layer of skin and is derived from mesoderm

Answer 2

Dermis

Question 3

_______ lies is a part of the tegument that lies beneath the two skin layers and is fatty CT (GA: superficial fascia)

Answer 3

Hypodermis

Question 4

Thin (hairy) skin and thick (hairless) skin refer only to the thickness of the ___________

Answer 4

epidermis

Question 5

Thick skin has ___________ which give finger and foot prints

Answer 5

papillary ridges

Question 6

The main cell type of epidermis

Answer 6

Keratinocyte

Question 7

Lowest layer of epidermis, cuboidal

Answer 7

Stratum basale

Question 8

________ tie keratin networks to membrane and to neighboring cells

Answer 8

Desmosomes

Question 9

______________ is caused by a mutation in keratin expressed in basal cells of the epidermis

Answer 9

Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex

Question 10

Autoimmune blistering disease - attack on desmosomal proteins

Answer 10

Pemphigus

Question 11

Layer of epidermis that has several layers just above the stratum basale, below stratum granulosum

Answer 11

Stratum spinosum

Question 12

Layer that has keratohyalin granules containing fillagrin, outer apical surfaces have lamellar bodies

Answer 12

Stratum granulosum

Question 13

____________ in between stratum granulosum and stratum corneum are hydrophobic and form a barrier to water to prevent dehydration

Answer 13

Lamellar bodies

Question 14

At least several layers of keratin, dead cells

Answer 14

Stratum corneum

Question 15

Corneocytes detach from the stratum corner due to decreasing pH and proteolysis of __________

Answer 15

desmosomes

Question 16

___________ are derived from neural crest cells and invade the stratum basale with processes (melanosomes) that are filled with melanin and are phagocytosed/endocytosed by keratinocytes

Answer 16

Melanocytes

Question 17

__________ is the layer of epidermis with the most melanin because the cells are constantly dividing, so the DNA needs to be protected the most from UV (melanin caps the tops of nuclei)

Answer 17

Stratum basale

Question 18

Type of melanin that stains brown

Answer 18

Eumelanin

Question 19

Type of melanin that looks red

Answer 19

Pheomelanin

Question 20

______________ is the thickest layer of epidermis, so Langerhan’s cells are often found there

Answer 20

Stratum spinosum

Question 21

Layer of epidermis where basal cell carcinoma occurs (common, hardly ever metastasizes)

Answer 21

Stratum basale

Question 22

Cells involved in squamous cell carcinoma (common, metastasis not common)

Answer 22

Keratinocytes

Question 23

Cells involved in malignant melanoma (~15% metastasize) - derived from neural crest cells, job is to invade surrounding tissues

Answer 23

Melanocytes

Question 24

ABCD of melanoma

Answer 24

Asymmetry of mole
Border - uneven/raised
Color - uneven
Diameter greater than 6 mm

Question 25

__________ expression increased during tanning (analgesia, dependency) that may be involved in tanning addition Controlled along with increased pigment production

Answer 25

Beta-endorphin

Question 26

DICT underneath epidermis

Answer 26

Dermis

Question 27

_________ contain capillaries and nerve endings and serve to increase surface area and binding between epidermis and dermis

Answer 27

Dermal papillae

Question 28

2 layers of dermis

Answer 28

Papillary | Reticular

Question 29

Upper (outer) layer of dermis with finer collagen

Answer 29

Papillary

Question 30

Lower (inner) layer of dermis with thicker collagen (collagen determines Langer's lines which is then where skin splits - helps determine where to cut to get less scarring)

Answer 30

Reticular

Question 31

_______ is a network of blood vessels (capillaries for capillaries) - important for thermoregulation

Answer 31

Plexus

Question 32

_____ nerve endings = end of axon

Answer 32

Free nerve endings

Question 33

_________ nerve endings connect with stratum basale and are important for sensing texture

Answer 33

Merkel's

Question 34

________ are important for touch and can be found concentrated in fingertips

Answer 34

Nerve endings

Question 35

Huge nerve endings important for sensing vibration, multilayered capsule of Schwann cells, fluid, and layers of CT (properties of capsule determines what it responds to) looks like an onion cut in half

Answer 35

Pacinian Corpuscles

Question 36

Nerve endings important for movement of objects against skin, axon winds through capsule and Schwann cells (doesn't have fluid or layers) - looks like wrappings of a mummy Elongated, near stratum basale of epidermis

Answer 36

Meissner's Corpuscles

Question 37

Epidermal appendages are derived from the ______

Answer 37

epidermis

Question 38

Very large epidermal appendages in which cells derived from the epithelium surround hair and fill with keratin

Answer 38

Hair follicles

Question 39

__________ muscle attached to hair follicle and connected to dermis that is responsible for raising hairs and goosebumps

Answer 39

Arrector Pili Muscle

Question 40

Stem cells of the ______ of hair follicles are used to repopulate epidermis, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands during wounding

Answer 40

bulge

Question 41

During normal homeostasis, ________ cells maintain epidermis, and bulge cells maintain follicle (sebaceous gland stem cells too)

Answer 41

basal cells

Question 42

Hair cycle (make a hair, resting period, falls out, make new hair) occurs in ___________, a source or stem cells

Answer 42

Hair follicles

Question 43

__________ secrete sebum: triglycerides fatty acids, waxes (oil of skin)

Answer 43

Sebocytes

Question 44

A pore is _______ coming from a hair follicle

Answer 44

sebum

Question 45

The sebaceous glands have ___________ cuboidal epithelium

Answer 45

stratified

Question 46

Sebaceous glands use _________ excretion, where the whole cell is excreted (cells differentiate and die)

Answer 46

holocrine

Question 47

__________ have lacy cytoplasm and secrete sebum

Answer 47

Sebaceous glands

Question 48

___________ sweat glands use merocrine excretion to secrete a mixture of carbs, lipids, proteins, and ammonia (secrete in response to emotional stimuli)

Answer 48

Apocrine sweat glands

Question 49

Coiled tube sometimes associated with hair follicles. Only located in certain parts of the body (smelly - anus, external genitalia), contains pheromones in animals - bacteria act on the sweat to cause the odor

Answer 49

Apocrine sweat glands

Question 50

_____________ cells can contract to squeeze out sweat

Answer 50

Myoepithelial cells

Question 51

Simple cuboidal or columnar secretory cells and myoepithelial cells, ducts are stratified cuboidal Ceruminous glands of ear (ear wax) Glands of Moll of eyelashes - antibacterial

Answer 51

Apocrine sweat glands

Question 52

Merocrine glands that secrete sweat in response to increased body temperature or emotional stress, saltwater secretion (typical sweat) contains water, salt, lactate, urea, ammonia Small lumen, see both gland and duct Duct is darker staining and stratified cuboidal

Answer 52

Eccrine sweat glands

Question 53

Not part of skin, but is part of integument Can have appendages that sit here Fatty CT

Answer 53

Hypodermis