Skin & Ageing

Question 1

Epidermis treatments

Answer 1

Resurfacing

UV protection

Barrier support

Question 2

Dermis treatments

Answer 2

Collagen stimulation

Hyaluronic acid hydration

Reduce melanin and free radicals

Question 3

Hypodermis treatments

Answer 3

Injectables

Question 4

Layers of epidermis

Answer 4

stratum basale.
stratum spinosum.
stratum granulosum.
stratum lucidum.
stratum corneum.

Question 5

Pheomelanin

Answer 5

yellow to red in color and is found in light skin

Question 6

Eumelanin

Answer 6

brown to black in color and is the predominant type of melanin in darker skin

Question 7

Main cells of the epidermis

Answer 7

Keratinocytes
melanocytes
langerhand cells
merkel cells

Question 8

Stratum corneum

Answer 8

corneoctyes - layers of flattened dead cells

barrier to hydration loss and the outside

Question 9

Stratum lucidum

Answer 9

dead keratinocytes

lipid rich barrier to hairless skin

Question 10

Stratum granulosum

Answer 10

first layer of keratinisation

generation of keratin, keratinocytes become flatter and thicker, lose their nucleus and organelles

Question 11

Stratum spinosum

Answer 11

keratinocytes linked by desmosomes

langerhand cells provide immune protection and remove damaged cells

Question 12

Stratum basale

Answer 12

Single layer of basal cells

keratinocyte production

Melanocytes producing melanin

Question 13

Merkel cell function

Answer 13

touch receptors

Question 14

Layers of dermis

Answer 14

papillary layer
reticular layer

Question 15

Papillary layer

Answer 15

fine collagen fibres

connective tissue and blood vessels that give nutrients to the epidermis

temperature control of the skin

contains mast cells and WBCs

Question 16

Reticular layer

Answer 16

coarse collagen fibres

dense connective tissue

strength and elasticity

Question 17

Carotene

Answer 17

Stored in stratum corneum

precursor to vitamin A - yellow to orrange colour

Question 18

Location of sebaceous glands

Answer 18

Dermis

Question 19

Hair growth cycle

Answer 19

Anagen - growing - 3 to 7 years - 80 to 90% of follicles

Catagen - hair resting - 3 to 4 weeks - follicle moves to surface, 10-20% of hairs

Telogen - hair fall - follicle rests - 3 to 5 months

Question 20

Apocrine sweat glands

Answer 20

adrenaline activated

inactive before puberty

Question 21

Eccrine/Merocrine sweat glands

Answer 21

thin and watery

temperature homeostasis

Question 22

Skin vitamin D synthesis

Answer 22

UVB radiation

precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol is converted to cholecalciferol

Question 23

Mechanoreceptors of the skin

Answer 23

Merkel’s disks - light touch, slow adapting

Meissners corpuscles - fine touch, virberation

Ruffini endings - stretching, warmth, joint position

Pacinian corpuscles - dermis, viscera, joints

Question 24

Telomere function in ageing

Answer 24

lost with each cell devision

loss of genetic material contributing to ageing process

Question 25

Oestrogen function in skin againg

Answer 25

Controls function of fibroblasts collagen, elastin and HA production by fibroblasts

Question 26

Intrinsic changes

Answer 26

Thinning and thickening of skin Elasticity loss Reduced tensions and support Subcutaneous fat loss Pigmentation and discolouration

Question 27

Extrinsic changes

Answer 27

dermis thins coarse wrinkles deep wrinkles skin growths - actinic keratosis

Question 28

UVA

Answer 28

Ageing Long wavelength 315-400nm penetrates clothing, glass and clouds

Question 29

UVB

Answer 29

Burns short wavelegth 280-315nm blocked by clothing and glass

Question 30

Precusor to SCC

Answer 30

solar keratoses

Question 31

Glogau classification I

Answer 31

Mild atrophic Minimal wrinkles no age spots mild pigment

Question 32

Glogau II

Answer 32

Moderate Elastosis Dynamic lines Enlarged pores Early texture change

Question 33

Glogau III

Answer 33

Advanced Expressional Static wrinkles visible lentigines prominent pigmenation neovascularisation

Question 34

Glogau IV

Answer 34

Severe gravitational

Question 35

Acne definition

Answer 35

chronic inflammation of sebaceous gland and hair follicle pilo-sebacous unit

Question 36

acne fulminas

Answer 36

severe nodular acne chest and back adolescent male

Question 36

acne mechanica

Answer 36

physical trigger heat, pressure, infection athletes

Question 37

Rosacea definition

Answer 37

erythema and pustules chronic inflammatory responds to IPL and laser treatments

Question 38

Psoriasis

Answer 38

Overproduction of keratinocytes Scaly patches extensor surfaces

Question 39

Drugs which increase photosensitivity

Answer 39

NSAIDS Isotretinoin MTX Amitriptyline Amiodarone Trimethoprim Ciprofloxacin