Skin and Sensory Receptors

Question 1

epidermis

Answer 1

outer epithelial layer

protection
basal layers fold to dermal papillae
4/5 layers

Question 2

dermis

Answer 2

underlying connective tissue

thick, sensation, protection, thermal reg, nerves, blood supply

Question 3

superficial fascia / hypodermis / subcutis

Answer 3

deep to the dermis is loose connective tissue
adipose
some skin appendages may reach it

Question 4

thin skin has:

Answer 4

hair follicles

Question 5

thick skin is:

Answer 5

glabrous - non-hairy, no sebaceous or apocrine glands)

Question 6

epithelium of epidermis

Answer 6

keratinised, stratified, squamous epithelium

Question 7

layers of skin from deep to superficial

Answer 7

stratum basale
spinosum (prickle cell)
granulosum (granular)
lucidem 
corneum (keratin layer)

Question 8

stratum basale

Answer 8

responsible for constant regeneration

single layer

Question 9

stratum spinosum

Answer 9

lots of desmosomes which anchor cells to each other

thick tufts of intermediate filament (keratin)

Question 10

stratum granulosum

Answer 10

lose nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles
keratinisation
lipid rich secretions which act as water sealant

Question 11

stratum lucidem

Answer 11

thin transparent layer

Question 12

stratum corneum

Answer 12

layer of dead cells

flattened squames filled with keratin

Question 13

which layer is absent from thin skin?

Answer 13

stratum lucidem

Question 14

3 non-epithelial cells

Answer 14

melanocytes
langerhans cells
merkel cells

Question 15

melanocytes

Answer 15

pigment for skin

Question 16

langerhans cells

Answer 16

immunological role

Question 17

merkel cells

Answer 17

mechanoreceptors

Question 18

basal cell carcinoma affects which layer

Answer 18

basal layer

Question 19

squamous cell carcinoma affects which layer

Answer 19

granular/keratin layer

Question 20

malignant melanoma affects which layer

Answer 20

melanocytes in basal layer

Question 21

which is worst cancer to get?

Answer 21

malignant melanoma

Question 22

what are warts?

Answer 22

small rough lumps
HPV infection
underlying dermis and hypodermis

Question 23

features absent from thick skin

Answer 23

hair
sebaceous glands
apocrine sweat glands

Question 24

involved in development of acne

Answer 24

sebaceous glands produce excess sebum

Question 25

what are hair follicles?

Answer 25

long thin cylinderical shaft composed of keratin and arranged in an organised manner function: thermoreg

Question 26

what are sebaceous glands?

Answer 26

secrete sebum into hair follicle provide waterproofing

Question 27

what are eccrine glands?

Answer 27

throughout skin synthesise thin watery liquid evaporation of sweat reduces body temp

Question 28

what are apocrine glands?

Answer 28

mainly in axilary and groin regions no definite function animal scent production

Question 29

what are erector pili muscles?

Answer 29

small smooth muscle bindles attached to hair follicles below sebaceous gland contraction = hair stands up standing up traps air = insulation contraction can force sebum up protecting hair

Question 30

what is supplied sympathetically?

Answer 30

arrector pilli eccrine (merocrine) - not attached to hair follicle vessels - sym = contraction

Question 31

dermis is split into what layers

Answer 31

papillary | reticular

Question 32

papillary layer

Answer 32

superficial, loosely woven

Question 33

reticular layer

Answer 33

deeper, thicker, denser layer

Question 34

the epidermis and dermis interdigiate forming:

Answer 34

epidermal downgrowths: rete ridges | epidermal upgrowths: dermal papillae

Question 35

first degree burns

Answer 35

only epidermis

Question 36

second degree burns

Answer 36

epidermis and dermis

Question 37

third degree burns

Answer 37

all layers of the skin, epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Question 38

what is a dermotome?

Answer 38

area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 39

two sub groups of cutaneous sensory receptors

Answer 39

free nerve endings | encapsulated nerve endings

Question 40

free nerve ending functions

Answer 40

nocireceptors thermoreceptors mechanoreceptors some associated with Merkel cells - basal layer Merkel cell-neurite complexes act as mechanoreceptors to respond to pressure

Question 41

encapsulated nerve endings

Answer 41

mechanoreceptors - meissners, pacinian, ruffiani

Question 42

merkel cell-neurite complex

Answer 42

basal layer epidermis slow sustained touch/pressure

Question 43

pacinian corpuscle

Answer 43

deep in hypodermis -sole of feet deep pressure or rapid vibration rapid

Question 44

meissner's corpuscle

Answer 44

dermal papillae of skin - fingertips, nipples, eyelids rapid changes in texture, pressure and vibration

Question 45

ruffini

Answer 45

dermis layer slow stretching, sheering