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Flashcards in Skin Bacteria Review Deck (35)
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1
Q

What is the most common isolate in dogs?

A

Staphylococci pseudintermedius

2
Q

When staphylococcus isolates are macrolide(erythromycin) resistant, you also have to be concerned about…?

A

Inducible clindamycin resistance unless otherwise confirmed by D-test

3
Q

What bacteria can be seen in a negative staining Giemsa stain?

A

Mycobacterium

4
Q

What bacteria causes lymph node abscesses in cats?

A

Yersinia pestis (Plague)

5
Q

What bacteria causes cat bite abscesses?

A

Pasteurella spp.

6
Q

Woods lamp only causes fluorescence in which bacteria?

A

Microsporum canis

7
Q

Treatment with Griseofulvin

A

Act only against dermatophytes, need oral administration uand the drug reaches the superficial dead epithelium (stratum corneum)

8
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

Septicaemiae and endothelial cell damage

9
Q

Skin lesions in Horses

A
Streptococcus equi subsp. equi
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Sporothrix schenkii
Burkholderia mallei
Histoplasma farciminosum
Pythium insidiosum
10
Q

What is the best treatment for a staph abscess?

A

Open, flush and clean

11
Q

pyoderma/skin infections

A
  • *coagulase positive staphylococcus (most common)
  • *Pseudomonas
streptococcus
corynebacterium
arcanobacterium
pasteurella
proteus
e. coli

**always investigate underlying causes such as allergy, ectoparasites, immunosuppressive conditions

12
Q

Diagnostics for skin infections

A

Skin scraping to rule out parasites (demodex)
fungal culture to rule of deep fungal infection
cytology- impression smear of pustules, papules, crusts or draining tract fluid
bacterial culture/susceptibility testing-fresh purulent discharge or tissue
skin biopsy- dermatohistopathology

13
Q

Treatment for skin infections

A

systemic antibiotics based on culture and susceptibility (up to 8 weeks+ in refractory cases)

Fluoroquinolones- tissue penetration, activity against gram + and -, uptake by macrophages increases penetration and concentration

Clindamycin- consider inducible resistance (macrolide resistence esp)

Anitbacterial topical therapy (chlorhexidine)

14
Q

how to sample superficial lesions

A

culturette swab in transport media

15
Q

how to sample abscesses

A

fine needle aspirate or contents in ANAEROBIC transport media

16
Q

how to sample granulomatous lesions

A

sample for biopsy and a fresh piece of tissue for culture

17
Q

other sample submission guidelines

A

for any non-resolving lesions a biopsy is always recommended

do not submit dry swabs for cultures

18
Q

Anaerobic infections and sampling

A

foul smelling discharge, necrotic gangrenous tissue and abscess formation, free gas in tissue, black discoloration of exudates, sulphur granules in discharge

disinfect skin surface with 70%alcohol and let dry
aspirate directly into syringe
remove air from syringe
aseptically transfer material into an anaerobic transport media

19
Q

Greasy pig disease/exudative epidermitis

A

staphylococcus hyicus

20
Q

birds- bumble foot

A

staphyloccus aureus (anaerobe)

21
Q

Botryomycosis

A

rodents, human, horses
chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation (giant mouse cheek)
most common isolate: S. aureus

22
Q

wound infections, draining tracts, abscesses

A

aerobic bacteria: staph, strep, corynebacterium, myccobacterium, actinomyces, nocardia

gram + anaerobes: clostridium

gram - anaerobes: fusobacterium, bacteroides, dichelobacter

23
Q

Dogs and cats with nonhealing cutaneous lesions and subcutaneous nodules

A

mycobacterium (negative stained rods, but gram +)

24
Q

what stain do you use for dermatophilus congolensis

A

giemsa stain

cattle, sheep, goats, horses

25
Q

dermatophytosis in cattle

A

trichophyton verrucosum

26
Q

actinomyces bovis

A

lumpy jaw, pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis

27
Q

fusobacterium necrophorum

A

cattle, sheep, goats

foot rot

28
Q

mycotoxins (sporidesmin, pithomyces chartarum)

A

facial eczea due to photosensitization (fungal toxins)

cattle, sheep, goats

29
Q

Mycotic infections of the skin

A

dermatophytosis:
trychophyton
microsporum
epidermophyton

dogs: M. canis, m. gypsium, t. mentagrophytes
cats: m. canis
horses: t. mentagrophytes, t. equinum
cattle: t. verrucosum
pigs: m. nanum

30
Q

Persian cats

A

pseudomycetoma- Microsporum canis

no symptoms, just carrer

31
Q

treatment of mycotic infections

A

azols (oral)
terbinafine
griseofulvin- only for dermatophytes

32
Q

cryptococcus neoformans cutaneous manifestations

A

lungs, CNS, eyes, skin

33
Q

blastomyces dermatitidis cutaneous manifestations

A

lungs primary, skin lesions in disseminated diease

34
Q

sporothrix schenckii cutaneous manifestations

A

cutaneous/lymphatics

35
Q

other fungus that shows cutaneous manifestations

A

prototheca, pythium insidiosum/lagenidium