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Cytology And Histopathology > Skin biology > Flashcards

Skin biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

A multicellular sheet of epithelial cells joined together side to side

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2
Q

What are the 2 major layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis and dermis

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3
Q

What are the 4 main layers of the stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

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4
Q

What is the most abundant cell type in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocyte

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5
Q

What does a keratinocyte produce?

A

Keratins and components of the epidermal barrier

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6
Q

What is keratin?

A

Intermediate filament

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7
Q

What determines the type of keratin?

A

Secondary structure and S-S bonding

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8
Q

What does the basal layer bind to?

A

Basal lamina via integrins

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9
Q

What does a basement membrane consist of?

A

Laminin, collagen IV, and collagen VII

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10
Q

What are Hemidesmosomes?

A

Integrin receptors that link keratin cytoskeleton to basement membrane

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11
Q

What is the basement membrane needed for?

A

Cell polarity
Regulating basal cell function
Anchoring epidermis to dermis

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12
Q

How thick is the stratum spinosum?

A

3-4 layers thick

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13
Q

How thick is the stratum granulosum?

A

2-3 cell layers

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14
Q

What is the main protective barrier of the skin?

A

Stratum corneum

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15
Q

What are the layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary
Reticular

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16
Q

What does the dermis do?

A

Provides strength and elasticity to the skin

17
Q

What are the most abundant cells in the dermis?

A

Fibroblasts

18
Q

What produces hair?

A

Matrix keratinocytes

19
Q

What controls hair growth?

A

Dermal papilla fibroblasts

20
Q

What are the two types of hair follicle?

A

Vellus body hair
Terminal-scalp and secondary sexual hair

21
Q

What specialised cell do hair follicles contain?

A

Specialised fibroblasts called dermal papilla

22
Q

What is the hair greying gene?

A

Interferon regulatory factor 4 gene (IFR4)

23
Q

What is the sweat gland associated with hair follicles?

A

Autocrine gland

24
Q
A
25
Q

What are the normal wound healing phases?

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Proliferation
  3. Maturation
26
Q

Name examples of autoimmune diseases of the skin

A

Alopecia
Vitiligo

27
Q

What are common skin infections caused by?

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Viruses
Parasites

28
Q

What is the most common skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

29
Q

What do skin cancers mostly arise from?

A

Keratinocytes and melanomas

30
Q

In which layer of the skin would you find filaggrin and loricrin expression?

A

Granular layer

31
Q

Which layer of the skin would you find EGFR expression?

A

Basal layer

32
Q

What is the active growth phase of the hair follicle called?

A

Anagen

33
Q

When in a human does the skin maturation lead to a competent barrier being formed?

A

Week 24

Cytology And Histopathology (10 decks)

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