Skin & Body Membranes

Question 1

What do body membranes cover?

Answer 1

Surfaces, line body cavities, and form protective sheets around organs.

Question 2

The cutaneous membrane (skin/integumentary system)

Answer 2

Epithelial membrane

Question 3

Two layers of the epithelial membrane:

Answer 3

Superficial epidermis
underlying dermis

Question 4

What tissue populates the epidermis? Dermis?

Answer 4

Epidermis: stratified squamous epithelium
Dermis: dense irregular fibrous/connective tissue

Question 5

Mucous membrane

Answer 5

Composed of epithelium resting on loose (areolar) connective tissue membrane
(lamina propria)

Question 6

Where does the mucous membrane outline?

Answer 6

Body cavities open to the exterior: respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts

Question 7

What type of tissue does mucosae contain in the mouth/esophagus? Digestive system?

Answer 7

Stratified squamous epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium

Question 8

Serous membrane

Answer 8

Composed of a layer of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areolar tissue.; lines components of the ventral cavity closed to the exterior(abdominopelvic cavity)

Question 9

Serous fluid around the heart

Answer 9

Pericardia (pericardial cavity)

Question 10

Peritoneum/Peritoneal cavity

Answer 10

Serosa lining the abdominal cavity and covering its organs

Question 11

Serous fluid around the lungs

Answer 11

Pleurae/pleural cavity

Question 12

What are synovial membranes composed of?

Answer 12

Loose areolar connective tissue and contain no epithelial cells

Question 13

What membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding the joints?

Answer 13

Connective tissue membrane (synovial membrane)

Question 14

Acid mantle

Question 15

What do keratin cells (keratinocytes) do?

Answer 15

Produce keratin which is a fibrous protein that makes the epidermis a tough protective layer through keratinization.

Question 16

What are the 5 layers/strata of the epidermis?

Answer 16

Stratum corneum (top)
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale (lowest)

Question 17

What plays a role in body temperature regulation?

Answer 17

Blood vessels

Question 18

Melanin

Answer 18

pigment that ranges in color from yellow to black; produced by melanocytes; found in stratum basale

Question 19

What cells in the epidermis alert and activate the immune system?

Answer 19

Epidermal dendritic cells

Question 20

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

Answer 20

Papillary Layer (upper)
Reticular (deepest)

Question 21

Which dermis layer contains free nerve-ending light-touch receptors and is uneven?

Answer 21

Papillary layer

Question 22

What does the reticular layer contain?

Answer 22

blood vessels
sweat and oil glands
deep pressure receptors
dense irregular tissue

Question 23

What are 3 skin appendages?

Answer 23

Cutaneous glands, hair, and nail

Question 24

What are the cutaneous(exocrine) glands?

Answer 24

Sebaceous glands
Sweat (sudoriferous) glands

Question 25

Apocrine glands

Answer 25

Larger than eccrine and ducts empty into hair follicles Largely confined to the axillary (armpit) Secrets mostly fatty acids and proteins

Question 26

Has clear secretion and are numerous (all over the body)

Answer 26

Eccrine glands

Question 27

What is the least maliganant skin cancer?

Answer 27

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 28

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 28

Believed to be induced by UV radiation; lesions appear as scaly, reddened papules (small, rounded swellings) that gradually form shallow ulcers with firm, raised borders; often appear in scalp, behind the ear etc

Question 29

It arises from accumulated DNA damage in a skin cell and usually appears as a spreading brown to black patch that metastasizes rapidly to surrounding lymph and blood vessels.

Answer 29

Malignant melanoma

Question 30

9% Rule

Answer 30

○ To save the patient, lost fluids must be replaced immediately. The volume of fluid lost can be estimated indirectly by determining how much of the body surface is burned, using the rule of nines. ○ This method divides the body into 11 areas, each accounting for 9 percent of the total body surface area, plus an additional area surrounding the genitals (the perineum) representing 1 percent of body surface area