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skin conditions Flashcards

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1
Q

leukonychia strata

A

these are the normal white marks on our nails from scratching, dents, etc.
can be linear markings in dark skinned people

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2
Q

mongolian spot

A

hyperpigmentation usually found on the buttocks or sacrum; normal

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3
Q

erythema toxicum

A

rash that appears 3-4 days after birth; normal; will go away on its own

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4
Q

acrocyanosis

A

blue color around lips, hands, feet, and nails; a cyanosis condition

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5
Q

cutis marmorata

A

mottling of the skin due to cold; red or blue; cyanosis condition

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6
Q

jaundice vs carotenemia

A

jaundice: yellow skin due to liver dysfunction
carotenemia: yellow-orange colored skin due to ingestion of large amounts of carotene (often found in infant foods)

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7
Q

milia

A

small, white papules on cheeks of infants

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8
Q

storkbite

A

aka salmon patch; flat, irregular, red patch on infant; forehead, eyelid, upper lip, or back of neck

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9
Q

acne

A

in adolescents; buildup of sebum; includes blackheads (open comedones) or whiteheads (closed comedones)

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10
Q

senile lentigines/liver spots

A

flat, brown macules; appear on sun exposed areas

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11
Q

keratoses

A

raised, scaly lesions that look warty

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12
Q

seborrheic keratosis

A

dark, greasy, stuck on; kind of look like dark, scaly moles

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13
Q

actinic keratosis

A

resembles squamous cell carcinoma; red, scaly plaques on sun-exposed surfaces

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14
Q

acrochordons

A

skin tags

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15
Q

sebaceous hyperplasia

A

resembles basal cell carcinoma; raised papules with central depression

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16
Q

macule + patch

A

macules are color changes on epidermis

patches are macules <1cm

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17
Q

papule + plaque

A

palpable (elevated and solid); extend into dermis

plaque is a papule >1cm (psoriasis)

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18
Q

nodule + tumor

A

solid and elevated; extends farther into dermis than papule (>1cm)
tumor (neoplastic growth) is a nodule more than a few centimeters big; malignant or benign

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19
Q

wheal + urticaria

A

red, raised, irregular shape due to inflammation (mosquito bite)
urticaria: hives; merged wheals that are very itchy

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20
Q

vesicle + bulla

A

= blister; elevated (epidermis) cavity filled with fluids; <1cm; herpes simplex
bulla: single chambered vesicle (in epidermis) filled with fluid; thin walled; burns, friction blisters; >1cm

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21
Q

cyst + pustule

A

encapsulated cavity filled with fluid; in dermis or subcutaneous layer
pustule: cavity filled with fluid; acne

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22
Q

primary lesions

A

macule, patch, bulla, vesicle, urticaria, wheal, tumor, nodule, plaque, papule, cyst, pustule
occur due to breaking of intact skin

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23
Q

secondary lesions

A

crust, scales, fissure, erosion, ulcer, excoriation, scar, atrophic scar, keloid, lichenification
occurs due to changes to primary lesions (like scratching, picking…)

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24
Q

crust

A

dried out exudate when vesicles/pustules burst

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25
scale
skin flakes due to shedding of excess keratin | psoriasis
26
fissure
crack that extends into dermis | athlete's foot
27
erosion
scooped out, shallow depression in epidermis; no bleeding; heals without scar
28
ulcer
deep and irregular depression extending into dermis; leaves scar pressure ulcer/sore
29
excoriation
``` self inflicted (scratching, itching); in epidermis scratching insect bites, scabies ```
30
scar
CT (collagen) replaces skin tissue after healing
31
atrophic scar
depression of skin level; thinning of epidermis
32
lichenification
thickening of skin due to intense scratching
33
keloid
elevated scar
34
pressure ulcer
1: localized redness; skin intact; will blanch 2: erosion 3: crater extends into dermis and subcutaneous tissue 4: exposure of muscle, tendon, and/or bone; can include slough (stringy matter on wound) or eschar (black necrotic tissue)
35
hematoma
palpable bruise; can be due to crying or coughing (increased pressure)
36
contusion (bruise)
patch of capillaries that bleed into tissues | red, purple, blue-green, yellow
37
port wine stain
a hemangioma; flat, red, macular patch on face (cranial nerve V) present at birth and does not fade
38
strawberry hemangioma
raised, bright red area; goes away on its own | immature
39
cavernous hemangioma
red-blue irregular blood vessel mass
40
telangiectasia
appearance of blood vessels on skin surface | due to vasodilation
41
spider or star angioma
red marking with a solid, circular center; radiation of spiderlike 'legs'
42
venous lake
blue-purple dilation of veins or capillaries
43
purpuric lesions
blood flows out of broken vessels and red pigment is deposited in the tissue petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis
44
petichiae
very small hemorrhages that do not blanch
45
purpura
big patch of merged petechiae and ecchymoses
46
ecchymosis
purplish patch from blood entering skin
47
diaper dermatitis
red patch in diaper area
48
intertrigo (candidiasis)
scalding red, moist patches with demarcated borders candida fungus (superficial) in genital area
49
impetigo
thin-walled vesicles that crust when burst; highly contagious
50
atopic dermatitis (eczema)
51
measles (rubeola)
red blotchy rash starts behind ears and then spreads over neck, trunk, arms, and legs koplik spots in mouth
52
rubella (german measles)
pink papular rash like measles but paler; starts on face, then spreads distinguished from measles by presence of neck lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes) and absence of koplik spots
53
primary contact dermatitis
local inflammatory reaction to CONTACT with an environmental irritant (allergen-- poison ivy) pruritis
54
tinea corporis (ringworm)
scales dark skin: depigmented light skin: hyperpigmented multiple circular lesions with clear centers
55
tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
fungal infection scaly, hard fissures in warm, moist feet
56
psoriasis
silvery, scaly patch
57
tinea versicolor
fine, scaly, round patches of pink, tan, or white | superficial fungal infection
58
allergic medication reaction
red and symmetrical rash; generalized | produced by medication
59
chicken pox (varicella)
small, tight vesicles and spread to arms, legs, face (not soles or palms) 'dewdrop on rose petal' vesicles erupt, become pustules, and crust
60
herpes simplex
cold sores; virus | tight vesicles--> pustules--> painful ulcers
61
erythema migrans (lyme)
circular bullseye rash starts at site of tick bite includes disseminated disease
62
herpes zoster (shingles)
occurs along nerve route vesicles--> pustules--> crust reactivation of chicken pox (varicella zoster) unilateral and does not cross midline
63
scabies
mites that form linear or curved burrows on fingers or webbed spaces of hands
64
basal cell carcinoma
``` skin (or darker) colored papule translucent top, shiny, elevated borders looks like large, open pore most common form of skin cancer slow progression; rare death ```
65
squamous cell carcinoma
scaly patch with sharp margins central ulcer and surrounding redness develop on hands or head (areas with sun exposure) very common easily removed by surgery slow progression
66
malignant melanoma
1/2 of the cases come from preexisting nevi (ABCDE!) 1-2% of skin cancers, 20% death rate rapid progression occurs earlier in life
67
AIDs related kaposi's sarcoma
patch stage | lesions on temple and beard area
68
seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap)
thick, yellow-white, greasy scales mild redness common in early infancy resembles eczema, but lacks pruritis
68
seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap)
thick, yellow-white, greasy scales mild redness common in early infancy resembles eczema, but lacks pruritis
69
tinea capitis (scalp ringworm)
round, patchy hair loss on scalp broken off hairs, pustules, scales on skin fungal infection fluoresce blue-green under wood-light contagious (transmits through soil, animals, and other people)
70
toxic alopecia
patchy, asymmetrical balding accompanies illness or chemotherapy growing hairs are lost; resting hairs are spared regrowth occurs when treatment is done
71
alopecia areata
sudden appearance of sharp, round balding patch smooth, soft, hairless skin underneath person usually sees complete regrowth when it is limited to a few patches
72
traumatic/traction alopecia
linear or oval patch of hair loss | trauma from protective hairstyles (tight braids, ponytails, or barrettes)
73
trichotillomania
traumatic, self-induced hair loss from compulsive twisting or plucking irregular patches with broken, stub-like hairs can be a sign of a personality disorder
74
pediculosis capitis (head lice)
itchy scalp nits (eggs) have oval translucent bodies, adhere to hair shaft can use shampoo (over the counter) or nit-picking
74
pediculosis capitis (head lice)
itchy scalp nits (eggs) have oval translucent bodies, adhere to hair shaft can use shampoo (over the counter) or nit-picking
75
folliculitis (razor bumps)
superficial infection of follicles | pustules
76
hirsutism
excess body hair in women that forms male sexual pattern (upper lip, face, chest, abdomen, arms, legs) endocrine or metabolic dysfunction sometimes idiopathic
77
furuncle and abscess
red, swollen, hard, tender, pus-filled lesion due to local bacteria hair follicle infection after traumatic introduction of bacteria into the skin abscesses are larger and deeper than furuncles
78
paronychia
red, swollen, tender inflammation of nail cuticles acute: bacteria chronic: fungal (from 'wet' work)
78
paronychia
red, swollen, tender inflammation of nail cuticles acute: bacteria chronic: fungal (from 'wet' work)
79
splinter hemorrhages
red-brown linear streaks on nail bed
80
beau's line
furrow or groove on nail; depression extends to nail bed occurs with trauma (illness, toxins, local trauma) impairs nail formation dent grows out
81
onichomycosis
fungal infection of the nail (finger or toe) common in older adults causes color (green), texture, and thickness changes causes nail to crumble or break off or loosen starts at distal edge and progresses proximally
82
late clubbing
increased angle of proximal nail (180 degrees) round and wide finger occurs with pulmonary or heart disease starts in thumb and index finger
83
nail pitting
pitting and crumbling of nails distal detachment occurs with psoriasis
84
habit-tic dystrophy
depression down middle of nail due to picking of cuticle, which injures nail base and matrix

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