skin conditions 5 and 6 Flashcards
(120 cards)
what are the viral exanthams
- measles
- rubella
- fifth disease
- varicella
- zoster
what is another name for measles
rubeola
how is measles spread
- respiratory droplets
- incubation of 9-12 days
- clears in 4-7 days
si/sx of measles
- prodrome of cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
- fever
- descending rash of papules that coalesce
- rash includes palms and soles
- koplick spots*
what are koplick spots
- white papules 1 mm on buccal mucosa and pharyn
- occurs during measles
treatment for measles
- prevention- vaccine
- supportive
what another name for rubella
german measles
how is rubella spread
- respiratory droplets
- incubation- 12-23 days
- caused by toga virus
si/sx of rubella
- no prodrome
- 1-5 days fever, malaise, sore throat, h/a
- pain with lateral upward eye movement
- lymphadenopathy*
- pale pink morbilliform macule (smaller ran rubeola)
- starts of face, spreads to whole body in 23 h
- forscheimers sign*
what is forscheimers sign
- pitechiae on soft palate of uvula
- occurs in rubella
treatment of rubella
- prevention- vaccine
- supportive
how is fifth disease spread
- respiratory droplets
- viral shedding stopped by the time rash appears
- incubation of 4-14 days
whats another name for fifth disease
erythema infectiosum
si/sx of fifth disease
- 3 stages
- 1: aburpt asymptomatic erythema on cheeks (slapped cheek)
- 2: day four discrete erytematous macules and papules on proximal extermitities and trunk, lacey reticulate pattern
3: recurring stage d/t heat or light
treatment for fifths disease
supportive
how is pityriasis caused
- unknown
- thought to be previous viral exposure
si/sx of pityriasis rosea
- herald patch**
- oval erythematous patches with fine scaes
- macular or papular lesions on trunk, neck, extremities following skin folds
- christmas tree pattern
- can be pruritic
- lasts 3-8 weeks
what is a herald patch?
- 2-5 mm scaly lesion that may mimic tinea corporis
- happens in pityriasis rosea
treatment for pityriasis rosea
- not needed
- can give antihistamine for pruritis
morbilliform reactions
- most common adverse drug eruption
- type IV allergic reaction mediated by t helper cells
- commonly from ampicillin or amoxicillin
si/sx of morbilliform rash
- erythema with macules and papules initially on trunk then generalized within 2 days
- can present within first 2 weeks of exposure up to 10 days after d/c
treatment for morbilliform rash
- clears w/ in 2 weeks d/c
- symptomatic relief: antihistamines, low potency topical steroids
when do fixed drug reactions occur
- usually with meds that need to be taken itermittently
- NSAIDs
- sulfonamides
- barbituates
si/sx of fixed drug reactiosn
- oval/round erthematous plaque
- pruritic, burning, or asymptomatic
- reoccur at same site with each exposure
- usually 6 or fewer lesions
- 50% of lesions appear on genitals or oral mucosa