skin diseases

Question 1

@birth
> 1cm diameter

Increased risk of MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION (increased risk greatest for large lesions)
____________

CIRCULAR macules 
HETERGENEOUS colour  
palms, soles and mucous membranes
-Can develop into..?
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

DOMED pigmented nodules < 1cm
-Arise from JUNCT naevi uniform colour
-HOMOGENOUS colour
__________

develop few months
in KIDS @face / legs
-pink or red <1cm

Answer 1

Congenital melanocytic naevi
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Junctional melanocytic naevi
-can develop into Compound naevi
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Compound naevi
__________

Spitz Naevus

Question 2

Common and affect face and trunk

They have a central punctum, they may contain small quantities of sebum

The cyst lining is either normal epidermis (??? cyst)

OR

outer root sheath of hair follicle (??? cyst)

Answer 2

Epidermoid cysts

The cyst lining is either normal epidermis (epidermoid cyst)

OR

outer root sheath of hair follicle (pilar cyst)

THESE ARE BOTH SEBACEOUS CYSTS!!!!!!!

Question 3

Firm, hyperkeratotic lesions
Pinpoint petechiae centrally within the lesions
May coalesce with surrounding warts to form mosaic warts
Secondary to??

Answer 3

Verrucas

Secondary to HPV

Question 4

More commonly called Athlete’s foot

Affected skin is moist, flaky and itchy

Answer 4

Tinea pedis

Question 5

? is small areas of very thick skin secondary to a reactive hyperkeratosis

? is larger, broader and has a less well defined edge compared to above

Answer 5

Corn

calluses

Question 6

reactive arthritis -> thickening of the skin of the palms and soles
___________

sweat excess
damp and excessively smelly feet
-clusters of PUNCHED-OUT PITS
________

pustules @palms and soles
skin = thickened + red
#smokers
________

children = eczema

• Soles = shiny and hard
• Worse @summer

Answer 6

Keratoderma blennorrhagica
________

Corynebacterium Pitted keratolysis
___________

Palmo-Plantar Pustulosis
________

Juvenile plantar dermatosis

Question 7

dark skin discoloration which usually occurs in pregnant women and those who are taking oral or patch contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy.

Answer 7

Melasma

Question 8

hypopigmentation of the skin which usually occurs in children and young adults. It initially appears as pink scaly patches which later leave pale areas on the skin. This is usually more noticeable on darker skin.

Answer 8

Pityriasis alba

Question 9

FLAT pink and blotchy #vascular
Since BIRTH -> disappears by 2yr
-forehead/eyelids/neck nape
BLANCHES - 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

small BRIGHT Red LUMP 
NOT present @birth -->
develops @1st MONTH of life -->
Inc SIZE / VASC till 9 months
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Purple LUMP
Face as a purplish/red macule with irregular contours.
NOTTTTT resolve!!!!!

Assoc with intracranial vascular abnormalities like Sturge-Weber-Syndrome.

Answer 9

Salmon patch/stork mark/ NAEVUS simplex

Marks on the neck may persist.
______________

Strawberry naevus or capillary haemangioma
______________

Port wine stains AKA naevus flammeus - need cosmetics / laser therapy.

Question 10

raised brown/black nodules which can be hairy

Answer 10

Melanocytic naevi are raised brown/black nodules which can be hairy and so are not the correct answer.

Question 11

areas of bluish discolouration over the lower back and buttock which often disappear by 1 year of age.

Answer 11

Mongolian blue spots

They should be documented and highlighted to parents as they can be mistake for bruising.

Question 12

Purple LUMP
Face as a purplish/red macule with irregular contours.

Assoc with intracranial vascular abnormalities like Sturge-Weber-Syndrome.

Answer 12

Port wine stains AKA naevus flammeus typically do NOT spontaneously resolve and require treatment with cosmetics or laser therapy.

Question 13

Acanthosis nigricans, which cancer?

Answer 13

Gastric cancer

Question 14

Acquired icythosis , which cancer?

Answer 14

Lymphoma

Question 15

Acquired hypertrichosis languinosa, which cancer?

Answer 15

GI and Lung

Question 16

Dermatomyositis , which cancer?

Answer 16

Ovarian and lung czncer

Question 17

Erythema gyratum repens , which cancer?

Answer 17

Lung cancer

Question 18

Erythroderma , which cancer?

Answer 18

Lymphoma

Question 19

Migratory thrombophlebitis , which cancer?

Answer 19

Pancreatic cancer

Question 20

Necrolytic migratory erythema , which cancer?

Answer 20

Glucogonoma

Question 21

Pyoderma ganngrenosum

Answer 21

Myoproliferative

Question 22

Sweet syndrome

Answer 22

Harm cancers, myelodysplasia

Question 23

Tylosis

Answer 23

Oesophageal cancer

Question 24

smooth
mobile
painless

Size >5cm
Increasing size
Pain
Deep anatomical location

Answer 24

Lipoma - Ultrasound @ > 5cm

Liposarcoma

Question 25

inflammatory nodules, pustules, SINUS tracts, and scars in intertriginous areas (axilla of the arm, the anogenital region, skin folds of the breasts and between digits) rupture, discharging purulent, smelly material Coalescence of nodules can result in plaques, sinus tracts and 'rope-like’ scarring. Pubertal or post-pubertal patients who have a diagnosis of recurrent furuncles or boils, especially in intertriginous areas.

Answer 25

Hidradenitis suppurativa Hygiene loose clothes, STOP Smoking, WL Acute flares = steroids (intra-lesional or oral) or flucloxacillin. IandD Long-term disease = top clinda / PO lyme / clinda / rifampicin. Lumps that persist despite prolonged medical treatment are excised surgically.

Question 26

flesh to light-brown to black have a 'stuck-on' appearance keratotic plugs may be seen on the surface

Answer 26

Seb keratoses curettage, cryosurgery and shave biopsy

Question 27

eczematous lesions on the sebum-rich areas: scalp dandruff, periorbital, auricular and nasolabial folds otitis externa and blepharitis may develop

Answer 27

Sebhorriec dermatitis

Question 28

small, crusty or scaly, lesions may be pink, red, brown or the same colour as the skin typically on sun-exposed areas e.g. temples of head multiple lesions may be present

Answer 28

Actinic keratoses

Question 29

volcano or crater initially a smooth dome-shaped papule rapidly grows to become a crater centrally-filled with keratin

Answer 29

Keratoacanthoma Resolves in 3m but still excise cos csnt tell if its squamous cell cancer

Question 30

Benign lesion. Firm elevated nodules. Usually history of trauma. Lesion consists of histiocytes, blood vessels and fibrotic changes. Usually affect extremities of young adults Lesions feel larger than they appear visually

Answer 30

Dermatofibroma

Question 31

Swelling in association with a tendon sheath commonly near a joint. They are common lesions in the wrist and hand. 

Answer 31

Ganglion cyst

Question 32

affects the hands and arms initially small, raised, red-blue papules later may increase in size to 2-3 cm and become flat-topped and haemorrhagic sheep and goats

Answer 32

Orf

Question 33

a superficial infection of the hair follicles, which develop into small inflammatory papules or pustules.

Answer 33

folliculitis Pseudomonas aeruginosa @ hot tubs

Question 34

raised, boggy lesion of the SCALP. It is due to an intense inflammatory reaction to RINGWORM which is then 2ndary infected. There may be follicles discharging pus and formation of sinuses, and sometimes a large confluent lesion may involve a large part of the scalp.

Answer 34

Kerion

Question 35

subcutaneous larval invasion by the TUMBU fly in Africa (lesions on BUM and BODY), and the BOTFLY in subtropical and tropical areas of the Americas (lesions on the scalp, face, and extremities). The larvae form and develop within a boil-like swelling 1–2 cm in diameter.

Answer 35

Myiasis

Question 36

poor hygiene and malnutrition small bullae or pustules on a reddish base are soon covered by a hard crust of dried exudate which increases in size. The base may become hard, and the lesion is often surrounded by a red, swollen areola. Removal of the crust is difficult and reveals an irregular purulent ulcer. Healing occurs after a few weeks, leaving a scar. associated with. The most common organisms are group A streptococci and coagulase-positive staphylococci.

Answer 36

Ecthyma