Skin Disorders

Question 1

What is Pruritus triggered by?

Answer 1

Heat and prostaglandins and is increased by release of histamine

Question 2

Prostaglandins

Answer 2

Too many hormones like substances which causes itching

Question 3

Histamine

Answer 3

Major role in many allergic reaction

Question 4

Treatment for Pruritus

Answer 4

Anti-histamine
- Benadryl
(Don’t take while operating vehicles or machinery) makes you drowsy
(If its allergic to reaction)

2) topical steroids
-relieves itching and inflammation
(Hydrocortisone)

Question 5

Another word for dry skin?

Answer 5

Xerosis

Question 6

Psoriasis

Answer 6

Chronic inflammatory skin disorder, raised, reddened, round plaques covered by silvery white scales

Question 7

What causes psoriasis

Answer 7

Autoimmune, stress, sun light, seasonal change, and certain meds make it worse

Question 8

Psoriasis treatment

Answer 8

Topical corticosteroids (decrease inflammation) 
Tar preparations 
Retinoids 
Puva 
Ultra violet B

Question 9

Retinoids

Answer 9

Tretinoin (atralin)
Tazarotene (tazorac)
Isotretinoin (accutane)

Question 10

Retinoids facts

Answer 10

1) They decrease the lesions
2) Last choice if other tx don’t work
3) Check liver function & lipid test b4, during, and after
4) Harmful to the liver and fetus
5) Take pregnancy test & can’t take is prego
6) Don’t drink alcohol & no vitamin a!!!

Question 11

Puva

Answer 11

Photo chemotherapy

• uses methoxsalen
• done 2-3xs a week & 10-20xs over 1-2months
• avoid sun 8-12hrs after

Question 12

Ultraviolet B

Answer 12

Light is used to tx psoriasis

• light decreases growth of epidermal cells
• careful assessment necessary to prevent severe burning

Question 13

Acne

Answer 13

Disorder of the oil glands

Question 14

What are the two types of acne

Answer 14

Acne vulgaris: common in teens and middle aged adults

Acne rosacea: rosy looks occurs on face, common in middle age and older adults

Question 15

Treatment for acne

Answer 15

Benzoyl peroxide: main over the counter Ned for acne

• inhibits bacteria growth
• can be mixed with antibiotics

Retinoids (tretinoin, accutane)
- used for severe inflammation

Question 16

Sunburn

Answer 16

Light skin complexion, lack of sun protection; burning of skin while in direct sunlight for a long time

Question 17

When should you avoid the sun

Answer 17

10-4pm

Question 18

Treatment for sunburn

Answer 18

Mild lotion/spray
-topical anesthetic (numbs the body)
(Benzocaine, dibucaine, & tetracaine)

Complementary therapy

• aloe
• golden seal
• peppermint oil

Question 19

Candidiasis infection (yeast)

Answer 19

Caused by Candida albicans, a yeast like fungus aka (thrush)

Question 20

What’s the treatment for thrush

Answer 20

Antifungal medication 
-nystatin (mycostatin) 
-swish, spit, or swallow when taking 
-avoid alcohol, exposure to sun 
You must complete the whole prescription!!

Question 21

Herpes simplex

Answer 21

• cold sore or blister
• caused by hs1 or hs2
• above the waist is hs1
• below the waist genital herpes is hs2
• vesicles process through pustules, ulcers, & crusting until healing in 10-14days

Question 22

How long do you usually have herpes for ?

Answer 22

I10-14 days

Question 23

What is herpes zoster ?

Answer 23

Shingles ; viral infection caused by varicella zoster (chicken pox)
- painful vesicles on the face, trunk, and thorax

Question 24

Another word for chicken pox

Answer 24

Varicella zoster

Question 25

Definition of Pruritus

Answer 25

Itching sensation (urge to scratch)

Question 26

What's the recovery for shingles ?

Answer 26

4-6 weeks

Question 27

What is post therapeutic neuralgia ?

Answer 27

Pain that travels after lesions been healed

Question 28

What's the treatment for shingles

Answer 28

Acyclovir (Zovirax) - admin with food or empty stomach - take meds at 1st site of an outbreak

Question 29

What is pediculosis?

Answer 29

Lice | - sticks to the hair shaft, hard to get off

Question 30

What are the 3 types of lice ?

Answer 30

- corpis (body lice) - capilus (head lice) - & pubis (pubic lice)

Question 31

What's the Tx for pediculosis?

Answer 31

Permethrin (NIX) 1st line of therapy Medication that contains: gamma benzene hexachloride (Lindane) (second line of treatment, serious side effect: seizures)

Question 32

Scabies

Answer 32

Infestation caused by the female mite Can be found between fingers, inner elbow & wrist

Question 33

Scabies treatment

Answer 33

Lindane & kwell - applied to entire skin surface - serious side effect (seizures)

Question 34

What are the 4 types of burns ?

Answer 34

- thermal - chemical - electrical - radiation

Question 35

What are the different burn depth?

Answer 35

Superficial- involves only the epidermis Partial thickness- superficial or deep entire dermis involved Full thickness- involves all layer of skin

Question 36

What are the rules of 9

Answer 36

I way to estimate percentage affected by burn injury

Question 37

Rule of nine percentages

Answer 37

``` Anterior & posterior head, neck: 9% (individual, 4.5%) Arms: 18% (individual 9%) Trunk: 36% (individual 18%) Peri: 1% Legs: 36% (individual 18%) ```

Question 38

What's the treatments for burns ?

Answer 38

Mafenide acetate Silver nitrate Silver sulfadiazine

Question 39

Mafenide acetate (sulfamylon)

Answer 39

Used to treat burns to reduce the bacteria present - give patient med before (med causes pain) - monitor for allergic reaction

Question 40

Silver nitrate

Answer 40

Prevent burn infections; used in gauze dressings twice a day - causes skin & dressing to turn black - monitor s/ax of infection, swelling, weight gain, and breathing difficulty

Question 41

Silver sulfadiazine (silvadene)

Answer 41

Prevents sepsis in burns - monitor wbc - lekopenia can develop - itching & rash : side effect

Question 42

What should you monitor the 1st three days for burns?

Answer 42

``` Monitor Fluid imbalance Demand for O2 Hypervolemia Shock ```

Question 43

What do you give a patient with burns with fluid resuscitation?

Answer 43

Lactate ringer | Goal is 30-50ml/hr urine output

Question 44

MRSA infection tx

Answer 44

``` Contact precaution Monitor: daily weights, intake/output, and hydration Small high protein meals Admin antibiotics Premeditated b4 dressing changes Pain meds PRN ```