Skin - Final Flashcards
(130 cards)
1
Q
Red rash with central clearing that resembles a target, hot to touch and rough texture
A
Erythema migrans (early lyme disease)
2
Q
Honey-colored crusts, fragie bullae, pruritic
A
Impetigo
3
Q
Kopliks spots)( Small, white, round and red base spots on buccal mucosa by rear molars
A
Measles
4
Q
Pruritic, especially at night, serpiginous rash on interdigital webs, waist, auxilla, penis
A
Scabies
5
Q
Sandpaper rash with sore throat
A
Scarlet fever
6
Q
Hypopigmented, round to oval macular rashes, commonly on shoulder and back. Non-pruritic
A
Tinea versicolor
7
Q
Christmas tress pattern, with larger patch that appears initially
A
Pityriasis rosea
8
Q
Smooth papules 1 mm size that are dome shaped with central umbilication with white “plug”
A
Molluscum contagiousum
9
Q
Purple-colored to dark red painful skin lesions all over body, acute onset of high fever, headache, altered LOC
A
meningococcemia
10
Q
Flat lesion, give examples for each
< 1cm
> 1 cm
A
< 1cm - macule, freckle
> 1 cm - patch, vitiligo
11
Q
give examples for each
Raised superficial lesion
<1cm
>1cm
A
<1cm - papule/wart
>1cm - plaque/psoriasis
12
Q
give examples for each
Deep palpable lesion (dermal or SC)
< 1cm
> 1cm
A
<1cm - nodule/dermatofibroma
>1cm - tumor/lipoma
13
Q
give examples for each
Elevated fluid filled lesions
<1cm
>1cm
A
<1cm - vesicle/HSV
>1cm - bulla/bullous pemphigoid
14
Q
Name the following secondary lesions by description and give example: Dried fluid (blood, purulent or serum) originating from lesion
A
Crust ie. impetigo
15
Q
Name the following secondary lesions by description, give example:
Excess keratin
A
Scale ie. seborrheic dermatitis
16
Q
Name the following secondary lesions by description, give example:
Thickening of skin and accentuation of normal skin markings
A
Lichenification, chronic atopic dermatitis
17
Q
Name the following secondary lesions by description:
Linear slit-like cleavage of skin
A
Fissure
18
Q
Name the following secondary lesions by description: scratch mark
A
Excoriation ie. scabies
19
Q
Name the following secondary lesions by description:
Disruption of skin involving epidermis alone, heals without scarring
A
Erosion
20
Q
Name the following secondary lesions by description:
Disruption of the skin that extends into dermis or deeper, may heal with scarring
A
Ulcer
21
Q
Name the following secondary lesions by description, give example:
Pathologic dryness of skin, conjunctiva or mucous membranes
A
Xerosis
22
Q
Name the following secondary lesions by description:
Histological decrease in size or # of cells or tissues, resulting in thinning or depression of the skin
A
Atrophy
23
Q
An internally epithelial-lined structure containing semi-solid material or fluid
A
Cyst
24
Q
Elevated lesion containing collection of neutrophils (infectious or inflammatory)
A
Pustule
25
Replacement fibrosis of dermis and SC tissue
Scar
26
form of papule or plaque that is transient < 24 hours and blanchable, often with a halo and central clearing
Urticaria
27
Superficial collection of sebum and keratin and most commonly seen in _____
Comodome, acne
28
Pinpoint extravasation of blood into dermis resulting in hemorrhagic lesions, non-blanchable < 3 mm in size
petechiae
29
Larger petechia > 3mm < 1cm
purpura
30
Larger than purpura > 1 cm
ecchymosis
31
Dilated superficial blood vessels, blanchable, reticulated and of small caliber
Telangiectasia
32
Koebner phenomenon, ex. what conditions
appearance of lesions at site of injury
| ex. lichen planus, psoriasis, vitiligo
33
firm papule or nodule slightly pigmented with dimple sign/fitzpatricks sign
Dermatofibroma
34
Describe -
| Management -
Describe - Waxy, stuck on appearance - seborrheic keratosis
| Management - none required, cryotherapy for cosmetic purposes
35
Name this sign and what it is associated with:
| explosive onset of multiple pruritic seborrheic keratoses, often with an inflammatory base < 3 month duration
Leser-Trelat sign, associated with malignancy (ie. gastric adenocarcinoma)
36
Where are SK not found
Palms or soles of feet
37
SK:
Patho -
Epi -
benign epithelial growth of keratinocytes and melanocytes
| Unusual in < 30 years old, M>F
38
nevus that is pink in color. This lesion is symmetric with a regular outline and uniform pigmentation. Commonly seen on face and neck.
Intradermal nevus
39
Three stages of evolution of acquired nevomelanocytic nevi
junctional --> compound --> dermal
40
nevus with darker pigmentation in the center than at the periphery. This lesion is symmetric with a regular outline.
Flat junctional nevus
41
nevus with central elevation. This lesion is symmetric with a regular outline and uniform pigmentation. NOT found on palms or soles.
Compound nevus
42
outgrowth of normal skin. They appear as pedunculated lesions on narrow stalks. Skin tags occur in approximately 50 percent of adults; the risk increases with age
Acrochordon (skin tag)
43
firm, often hyperpigmented nodules 0.3 to 1 cm in diameter, but giant lesions larger than 3 cm in diameter have been described. They occur most often in adults and are most commonly located on the lower extremities. Lesions are usually asymptomatic but may be pruritic
Dermatofibroma
44
They can occur anywhere on the body and typically present as asymptomatic, skin-colored dermal nodules often with a clinically visible central punctum. The size ranges from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter.
epidermoid cyst
45
They typically present as asymptomatic, soft, skin-colored or hyperpigmented papules or nodules that are <2 cm in diameter. Applying direct pressure to some may make them seem to retract into the skin, a finding that has been described as the "button-hole" sign.
Cutaneous neurofibromas
46
dome shaped, typically 0.1 to 0.4 cm in diameter, and do not usually blanch with pressure
cherry angioma
47
small, well-circumscribed, brown macules on sun-exposed areas.
Solar lentigines
48
A compressible blue papule is present on the central lower lip.
Venous lake
49
diffuse thickening of the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, in response to repeated friction or pressure
Callus
50
A hyperkeratotic papule with a central "core"
Corn
51
How to differentiate corn/callus from wart?
After paring down, warts will have several dark specks that represent punctate capillary thromboses. Warts also disrupt normal skin markings so that the skin lines are no longer evident. Skin lines are MORE prominent in callosities.
52
Treatment of corns/callus
Salicylic acid plaster
Urea 40% cream
Paring down skin
53
Raised yellow colored soft plaques that are located under brown or upper/lower lids of eyes on nasal side. Can indicate what in people < 40 years?
Xanthelasma
| Hyperlipidemia
54
Pathognomic for familial hypercholesterolemia
Xanthomas located on fingers
55
Generalized eruption of lesions that initially had a target-like appearance but then became confluent, brightly erythematous, and bullous affecting < 10 % of TBSA and mucosal involvement. Prodrome with fever/flu-like for 1-3 days before.
SJS
56
Nikolsky sign
elicitation of skin blistering as a result of gentle mechanical pressure on the skin
Seen in SJS and TEN
57
Timeline for Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), or Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also termed drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS).
AGEP (<3 days)
SJS/TEN (4-10 days)
DRESS/DIHS (often 6 weeks).
58
Common medications that cause this rash?
Allopurinol
Anticonvulsants - lamotrigine, carbemazepine, phenobarb
Sulfonamides - Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
"oxicam" NSAIDS - ie. meloxicam
59
ABCDE for melanoma
```
Asymmetry
Border irregular
Color variation
Diameter > 6 mm
Enlargement/evolution
```
OR ugly duckling
60
What is the most common type of skin cancer?
BCC
61
Painless pundunculated outgrowths that commonly occur in DM and obese patients
Acrochordon
62
Diffuse velvety thickening of skin located behind neck and on auxilla. Associated with DM, metabolic syndrome, obesity and cancer of the GI tract.
Acanthosis Nigricans
63
HPA axis suppression may occur with excessive or prolonged use of topical steroids > ______
> 2 weeks
64
SE of high potency or long term use of topical steroids
Striae, skin atrophy, telangiectasia, acne, hypo-pigmentation
65
Red rash with central clearing that resembles a target, hot to touch and rough texture
Erythema migrans (early lyme disease)
66
Honey-colored crusts, fragie bullae, pruritic
Impetigo
67
Kopliks spots)( Small, white, round and red base spots on buccal mucosa by rear molars
Measles
68
Pruritic, especially at night, serpiginous rash on interdigital webs, waist, auxilla, penis
Scabies
69
Sandpaper rash with sore throat
Scarlet fever
70
Hypopigmented, round to oval macular rashes, commonly on shoulder and back. Non-pruritic
Tinea versicolor
71
Christmas tress pattern, with larger patch that appears initially
Pityriasis rosea
72
Smooth papules 1 mm size that are dome shaped with central umbilication with white "plug"
Molluscum contagiousum
73
Purple-colored to dark red painful skin lesions all over body, acute onset of high fever, headache, altered LOC
meningococcemia
74
Flat lesion, give examples for each
< 1cm
> 1 cm
< 1cm - macule, freckle
| > 1 cm - patch, vitiligo
75
give examples for each
Raised superficial lesion
<1cm
>1cm
<1cm - papule/wart
| >1cm - plaque/psoriasis
76
give examples for each
Deep palpable lesion (dermal or SC)
< 1cm
> 1cm
<1cm - nodule/dermatofibroma
| >1cm - tumor/lipoma
77
give examples for each
Elevated fluid filled lesions
<1cm
>1cm
<1cm - vesicle/HSV
| >1cm - bulla/bullous pemphigoid
78
```
Name the following secondary lesions by description and give example:
Dried fluid (blood, purulent or serum) originating from lesion
```
Crust ie. impetigo
79
Name the following secondary lesions by description, give example:
Excess keratin
Scale ie. seborrheic dermatitis
80
Name the following secondary lesions by description, give example:
Thickening of skin and accentuation of normal skin markings
Lichenification, chronic atopic dermatitis
81
Name the following secondary lesions by description:
| Linear slit-like cleavage of skin
Fissure
82
Name the following secondary lesions by description: scratch mark
Excoriation ie. scabies
83
Name the following secondary lesions by description:
| Disruption of skin involving epidermis alone, heals without scarring
Erosion
84
Name the following secondary lesions by description:
| Disruption of the skin that extends into dermis or deeper, may heal with scarring
Ulcer
85
Name the following secondary lesions by description, give example:
Pathologic dryness of skin, conjunctiva or mucous membranes
Xerosis
86
Name the following secondary lesions by description:
| Histological decrease in size or # of cells or tissues, resulting in thinning or depression of the skin
Atrophy
87
An internally epithelial-lined structure containing semi-solid material or fluid
Cyst
88
Elevated lesion containing collection of neutrophils (infectious or inflammatory)
Pustule
89
Replacement fibrosis of dermis and SC tissue
Scar
90
form of papule or plaque that is transient < 24 hours and blanchable, often with a halo and central clearing
Urticaria
91
Superficial collection of sebum and keratin and most commonly seen in _____
Comodome, acne
92
Pinpoint extravasation of blood into dermis resulting in hemorrhagic lesions, non-blanchable < 3 mm in size
petechiae
93
Larger petechia > 3mm < 1cm
purpura
94
Larger than purpura > 1 cm
ecchymosis
95
Dilated superficial blood vessels, blanchable, reticulated and of small caliber
Telangiectasia
96
Koebner phenomenon, ex. what conditions
appearance of lesions at site of injury
| ex. lichen planus, psoriasis, vitiligo
97
firm papule or nodule slightly pigmented with dimple sign/fitzpatricks sign
Dermatofibroma
98
Describe -
| Management -
Describe - Waxy, stuck on appearance - seborrheic keratosis
| Management - none required, cryotherapy for cosmetic purposes
99
Name this sign and what it is associated with:
| explosive onset of multiple pruritic seborrheic keratoses, often with an inflammatory base < 3 month duration
Leser-Trelat sign, associated with malignancy (ie. gastric adenocarcinoma)
100
Where are SK not found
Palms or soles of feet
101
SK:
Patho -
Epi -
benign epithelial growth of keratinocytes and melanocytes
| Unusual in < 30 years old, M>F
102
nevus that is pink in color. This lesion is symmetric with a regular outline and uniform pigmentation. Commonly seen on face and neck.
Intradermal nevus
103
Three stages of evolution of acquired nevomelanocytic nevi
junctional --> compound --> dermal
104
nevus with darker pigmentation in the center than at the periphery. This lesion is symmetric with a regular outline.
Flat junctional nevus
105
nevus with central elevation. This lesion is symmetric with a regular outline and uniform pigmentation. NOT found on palms or soles.
Compound nevus
106
outgrowth of normal skin. They appear as pedunculated lesions on narrow stalks. Skin tags occur in approximately 50 percent of adults; the risk increases with age
Acrochordon (skin tag)
107
firm, often hyperpigmented nodules 0.3 to 1 cm in diameter, but giant lesions larger than 3 cm in diameter have been described. They occur most often in adults and are most commonly located on the lower extremities. Lesions are usually asymptomatic but may be pruritic
Dermatofibroma
108
They can occur anywhere on the body and typically present as asymptomatic, skin-colored dermal nodules often with a clinically visible central punctum. The size ranges from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter.
epidermoid cyst
109
They typically present as asymptomatic, soft, skin-colored or hyperpigmented papules or nodules that are <2 cm in diameter. Applying direct pressure to some may make them seem to retract into the skin, a finding that has been described as the "button-hole" sign.
Cutaneous neurofibromas
110
dome shaped, typically 0.1 to 0.4 cm in diameter, and do not usually blanch with pressure
cherry angioma
111
small, well-circumscribed, brown macules on sun-exposed areas.
Solar lentigines
112
A compressible blue papule is present on the central lower lip.
Venous lake
113
diffuse thickening of the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, in response to repeated friction or pressure
Callus
114
A hyperkeratotic papule with a central "core"
Corn
115
How to differentiate corn/callus from wart?
After paring down, warts will have several dark specks that represent punctate capillary thromboses. Warts also disrupt normal skin markings so that the skin lines are no longer evident. Skin lines are MORE prominent in callosities.
116
Treatment of corns/callus
Salicylic acid plaster
Urea 40% cream
Paring down skin
117
Raised yellow colored soft plaques that are located under brown or upper/lower lids of eyes on nasal side. Can indicate what in people < 40 years?
Xanthelasma
| Hyperlipidemia
118
Pathognomic for familial hypercholesterolemia
Xanthomas located on fingers
119
Generalized eruption of lesions that initially had a target-like appearance but then became confluent, brightly erythematous, and bullous affecting < 10 % of TBSA and mucosal involvement. Prodrome with fever/flu-like for 1-3 days before.
SJS
120
Nikolsky sign
elicitation of skin blistering as a result of gentle mechanical pressure on the skin
Seen in SJS and TEN
121
Timeline for Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), or Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also termed drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS).
AGEP (<3 days)
SJS/TEN (4-10 days)
DRESS/DIHS (often 6 weeks).
122
Common medications that cause this rash?
Allopurinol
Anticonvulsants - lamotrigine, carbemazepine, phenobarb
Sulfonamides - Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
"oxicam" NSAIDS - ie. meloxicam
123
ABCDE for melanoma
```
Asymmetry
Border irregular
Color variation
Diameter > 6 mm
Enlargement/evolution
```
OR ugly duckling
124
What is the most common type of skin cancer?
BCC
125
Painless pundunculated outgrowths that commonly occur in DM and obese patients
Acrochordon
126
Diffuse velvety thickening of skin located behind neck and on auxilla. Associated with DM, metabolic syndrome, obesity and cancer of the GI tract.
Acanthosis Nigricans
127
HPA axis suppression may occur with excessive or prolonged use of topical steroids > ______
> 2 weeks
128
SE of high potency or long term use of topical steroids
Striae, skin atrophy, telangiectasia, acne, hypo-pigmentation
129
A 66-year-old man reports a nodule that has markedly changed in size. It grew rapidly by over two weeks until it was a large dome, and now is beginning to involute. Which one of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?
Prurigo Nodularis
Malignant Melanoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Keratoacanthoma
Keratoacanthoma grow rapidly. They have a bud or dome shape with a slightly reddish colour. It occurs most often on sun-exposed hair-bearing skin in persons ≥60 years of age. The morphology & growth patterns of keratoacanthomas are usually diagnostic. Biopsy & treatment are recommended, however, because clinically and histologically these lesions resemble a carcinoma.
130
T/F?
| People with GCA are at increased risk for AA, MI, stroke, PVD
True
