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HEALTH ASSESSMENT > SKIN, HAIR, AND NAILS > Flashcards

SKIN, HAIR, AND NAILS Flashcards

1
Q
  • areas of dark, velvety discoloration in body folds and creases
  • often affect armpits, groin, and neck
A

acanthosis nigricans

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2
Q

Pigment cells of the skin, melanocytes, are destroyed in certain areas resulting to loss of skin color in the form of depigmented, or white, patches of skin

A

vitiligo

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3
Q

increased amount of deoxygenated homoglobin associated with hypoxia

A

cyanosis

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4
Q

reduced amount of oxyhemoglobin

location: face, conjunctiva, nail beds

A

anemia

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5
Q

reduced visibility of oxyhemoglobin as a result of decreased blood flow

location: skin, nail beds, conjunctiva, lips

A

shock

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6
Q

congenital or autoimmune condition causing lack of pigment

A

vitiligo

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7
Q

Hands, fingertips, or feet turn blue because they are not getting enough oxygen rich blood

A

peripheral cyanosis / acrocyanosis

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8
Q

Generalized bluish discoloration of the body and the visible mucous membranes, which occurs due to inadequate oxygenation secondary to conditions that lead to an increase in deoxygenated hemoglobin or presence of abnormal hemoglobin

A

central cyanosis

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9
Q

Triad of redness, warmth, and burning pain, most notably affecting the extremities

A

erythromelalgia

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10
Q

Causes the blood vessels in the extremities to narrow, restricting blood flow

A

raynaud’s phenomenon

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11
Q
  • yellow-orange skin color
  • increased deposition of bilirubin in the tissues
A

jaundice

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12
Q
  • redness of skin
  • increased viability of oxyhemoglobin as a result of dilation or increased blood flow
A

erythema

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13
Q
  • black and blue skin color
  • extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissue
A

ecchymosis

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14
Q

Classically seen with hyperpigmentation due to adrenocorticotropic hormone melanogenesis

A

addison’s disease

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15
Q

Inherited condition that affects the production of melanin, the pigment that colors the skin, hair and eyes

A

albinism

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16
Q

persisted scaly plaques on the scalp, face, ears which subsequently can progress to scarring, atrophy, dyspigmentation, and permanent hair loss in affected hair-bearing areas

A

discoid lupus erythematosus

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17
Q

true or false: inspecting skin on limbs, under breasts, and in groin area are commonly done for obese clients

A

true

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18
Q
  • persistent nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
  • In darker skin tones, may appear with persistent red, blue, or purple tones
  • Most common of all pressure ulcers. “At risk” person
A

stage 1 ulcer

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19
Q
  • partial-thickness skin loss involving epidermis, dermis, or both
  • is superficial and presents as an erosion, blister, or vesicle
A

stage 2 ulcer

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20
Q

full-thickness skin loss involving damage or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend down to, but not through underlying fascia

A

stage 3 ulcer

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21
Q
  • full-thickness skin loss with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structure
  • undermining and sinus tracts may also be present
A

stage 4 ulcer

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22
Q
  • original lesions from previously normal skin
  • directly associated with a disease process
  • rarely specific to a single disease
A

primary

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23
Q
  • originated from primary skin lesions
  • may be initiated by external forces (scratching or infection) or the healing process
A

secondary

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24
Q

lesions associated with bleeding, aging, circulatory conditions, diabetes, preganancy, and heptaic diseases

A

vascular

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25
Q

a circumsized, flat lesions that differs from surrounding skin because of its color

A

macule / patch

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26
Q

what is the difference between macule and patch?

A

macule: < 1cm
patch: > 1 cm

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27
Q

freckles, flat moles, rubella, petechiae, vitiligo, ecchimosis are a type of?

A

macule / patch

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28
Q

small, solid, elevated lesions less than 1 cm

A

papule

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29
Q

mesa-like elevation that occupies a relativey large surface area compared with its height

size: >= 1 cm

A

plaque

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30
Q

elevated nevi, warts, lichem planus are a type of?

A

papule

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31
Q

psorisis and actinic keratosis are a type of?

A

plaques

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32
Q
  • elevated, solid palpable mass
  • 0.5 - 2 cm, circumscribed
A

nodule

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33
Q

a solid or cystic elevation or palpable lesions 2.0 cm or more in diameter

A

tumor

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34
Q

lipoma, squamous cell carcinoma, poorly absorbed injection, dermatofibroma are a type of?

A

nodule

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35
Q

larger lipomas and carcinoma are a type of?

A

tumor

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36
Q

these are 2 types of blisters, circumscribed, elevated fluid filled lesion which may contan serum, blood, lymph, or extracellular fluid

A

vesicle / bulla

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37
Q

what is the difference between vesicle and bulla?

A

vesicle: < 1 cm
bulla: > 1 cm

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38
Q

herpes, varicella, poison ivy, second-degree burn are a type pf?

A

vesicle

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39
Q

pemphigus, contact dermatitis, large burn listers, poison ivy, bullous impetigo are a type of?

A

bulla

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40
Q
  • aka hives or urticaria
  • elevated mass with transient borders
  • rounded/flat topped elevated papule or plaque that characteristically disappears within hours
  • caused by movement of serious fluid into the dermis
A

wheal

41
Q
  • curcunscribed, raised lesion containing purulent exudate
  • variable color: white, yellow, greenish
A

pustule

42
Q

acne, impetigo, furuncles, carbuncle are a type of?

A

pustule

43
Q
  • encapsulated fluid-filled or semisolid mass
  • located in the subcutaneous tissue or dermis
A

cyst

44
Q

2 types of cyst

A

sebaceous, epidermoid

45
Q

individual / separate lesions

A

dicrete

46
Q

lesions merge and run together

A

confluent

47
Q

lesions are clustered

A

grouped

48
Q

lesions that form a line or snakelike shape

A

linear / serpiginous

49
Q

lesions arranged ina circular pattern

A

annular

50
Q

lesions are scattered over the body

A

generalized

51
Q

lesions arranged in concentric circles resembling a bull’s eye

A

polycyclic / targetoid

52
Q

linear arrangement of lesions along a nerve root

A

zosteriform

53
Q

ENUMERATE ALL PRIMARY LESIONS

A
  • macule - patch
  • papule - plaque
  • nodule - tumor
  • vesicle - bulla
  • wheal
  • pustule
  • cyst
54
Q
  • loss of superficial epidermis
  • does not extend to the dermis
  • depressed, moist area
A

erosion

55
Q

ruptured vesicles, scratch marks, apthous ulcer are a type of?

A

erosion

56
Q
  • skin loss extending past epidermis
  • necrotic tisue loss
  • bleeding and scarring possible
A

ulcer

57
Q
  • skin amrk left after healing of wound or lesion
  • represents replacement by connective tissue of the injured tissue
A

scar / cicatrix

58
Q

young scars are often colored?

A

red or purple

59
Q

mature scars are colored?

A

white or glistening

60
Q
  • linear crack in the skin
  • may extend to the dermis
A

fissure

61
Q

chapped lips or hands and athlete’s foot are types of?

A

fissure

62
Q
  • secondary to desquamated, dead epithelium
  • may adhere to skin surface
A

scales

63
Q

dandruff, psoriasis, dry skin, pityriasis rosea are typs of?

A

scales

64
Q

dried residue of serum, blood, or pus on skin surface

A

crust

65
Q

large adherent crust is called a?

A

scab

66
Q

vesicle rupture, impetigo, herpes, eczema are a type of?

A

crust

67
Q
  • hypertyhroid scar tissue
  • secondary to excessive collagen formation during healing
  • elevated, irregular, red
A

keloid

68
Q

keloids have greater incidence in what race?

A

african americans

69
Q

what may arise from ear piercing and surgical incision?

A

keloid

70
Q
  • thin, dry, transprent appearance of epidermis
  • loss or surface markings
  • secondary to loss of collagen and elastin
A

atrophy

71
Q
  • thickening and roughening of the skin
  • accentuated skin markings
  • may be secondary to repeated rubbing, irritation, scratching
A

lichenification

72
Q

contact dermatitis, exposure to allergens, chemicals, foods, and emotional stress can be?

A

lichenification

73
Q
  • round or irregular macular lesion
  • larger than petechia
  • color varies: black, yellow, and green
  • secondary to blood extravasation
A

ecchymosis

74
Q
  • localized collection of blood creating an elevated ecchymosis
  • associated with trauma
A

hematoma

75
Q
  • papular and round
  • red or purple
  • noted on trunk, extremities
A

cherry angioma

76
Q
  • red, arteriole lesion
  • central body with radiating branches
  • noted on face, neck, arms, trunk
  • may blanch with pressure
A

spider angioma

77
Q

what conditions may be associated with spider angioma?

A

liver disease, pregnancy, vit B deficiency

78
Q
  • spiderlike or linear shape
  • color bluish or red
  • does not blanch when pressure is applied
  • noted on legs, anterior chest
  • secondary to superifical dilation of venous vessels and capillaries
A

telangiectasis / venous star

79
Q

mnemonic for detecting skin cancer

A

ABCDE

  • asymmetry
  • border
  • color
  • diameter
  • elevated / evolving
80
Q

slight pitting, no visible distortion, disappears rapidly

A

1+ pitting edema

81
Q

somewhat deeper pit, no readily detectable distortion, disappears in 10-15 seconds

A

2+ pitting edema

82
Q

pit noticeably deep, may last more than a minute, the dependent extremity looks fuller and swollen

A

3+ pitting edema

83
Q

pit very deep, lasts 2-5 mins, dependent extremity is grossly distorted

A

4+ pitting edema

84
Q
  • transverse depression in nails indicating temporary disturbance of nail growth
  • caused by: acute illness, systemis illness
A

beau’s lines

85
Q
  • concave curvature of the nails
  • causes: iron deficiency anemia, syphilis, use of strong detergents
A

koilonychia / spoon nails

86
Q
  • change in angle between nails and nail base, nail bed softening, with flattening often
  • causes: chronic lack of oxygen due to heart or any pulmonary disease
A

clubbing

87
Q

early clubbing angle

A

180 degrees

88
Q

late clubbing angle

A

> 180 degrees

89
Q
  • pit formation on the nails
  • cause: psoriasis
A

pitting

90
Q
  • red or brown streaks in nail bed
  • causes: minor trauma, subacute bacterial endocarditis, trichinosis
A

splinter hemorhages

91
Q
  • inflammation of skin at the base of the nail
  • causes: local infection, trauma
A

paronychia

92
Q

newborn skin is covered with?

A

vernic caseosa

93
Q

common harmless markings in newborns

A

milia and stork bites

94
Q
  • gray, blue or purple spots inthe sacral and buttock area
  • fades by age 3
A

mongolian spots

95
Q

true or false: melasma and linea nigra are common in children

A

false: it is common in pregnant women

96
Q

true or false: pregnant women’s hormonal changes may cuase oil and sweat glands to become hyperactive

A

true

97
Q

when pregnant hair may fall out during what months?

A

months 1-5

98
Q

true or false: skin elasticity increases with aging

A

false: skin elasticity decreases

99
Q

hair twisting or plucking and nail biting

A

trichotillomania

HEALTH ASSESSMENT (7 decks)

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