Skin, Hair, and Nails

Question 1

crust example

Answer 1

impetigo, weeping eczemstous dermatitis, scab after abrasion

Question 1

fissure

Answer 1

linear crack with abrupt edges, extending into dermis; dry or moist

Question 1

fissure examples

Answer 1

cheiolosis (corners of the mouth;result of excess mositer), athletes foot

Question 2

excoriation

Answer 2

self inflicted abrasion, superfical; sometimes crusted
- caused by scratching

Question 3

excoriation example

Answer 3

scratching insect bites, scabies, dermatitis, varicella

Question 4

lichenification

Answer 4

thickening of the skin with production of tightly packed sets of papules; caused by prolonged intense scratching

Question 5

keloid

Answer 5

hypertonic scar
- elevation of the resulting skin level by excess scar tissue

Question 6

keloids are more present in individuals

Answer 6

of african american descent

Question 7

seborrhea

Answer 7

oily

Question 8

xerosis

Answer 8

dry

Question 9

subjective data acronymm

Answer 9

SAMPLE
-symptom assesment
- allergies
- medications
- past history
- last visit to health professional
- evaluation of fucntional assesment

Question 10

pruritis

Answer 10

itching

Question 11

pallor

Answer 11

red pink tones from oxygenation in the blood; skin is white

Question 12

jaundice

Answer 12

yellow discoloration; indicated rubin in the blood

Question 13

cyanosis

Answer 13

dusty blue; signifies decreased perfusion

Question 14

erythema

Answer 14

intense redness

Question 15

how to asses tempurature

Answer 15

dorsal aspect of the hand

Question 16

0+ edema

Answer 16

no pitting edema

Question 17

1+ edema

Answer 17

• mild pitting, no indentation, no perceptible swelling of the leg
• 2mm depression that disappears rapidly

Question 18

2+ edema

Answer 18

• moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly
• 4mm depression that disappears in 10-15 seconds

Question 19

3+ edema

Answer 19

• deep pitting, indentation remains short time, legs look swollen
• 6mm depression that lasts more than 1 min

Question 20

4+ edema

Answer 20

• very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time, leg is very swollen
• 8mm depression that can last more than 2 minutes

Question 21

how to asses skins mobility and turgor

Answer 21

• grasp/pinch a large fold of skin between thumb and index fingure
• pull up wand release
• skin should return
• use anterior chest for accuracy

Question 22

skins mobility

Answer 22

skins ease of rising

Question 23

skin tugor

Answer 23

skins ability ro return to place promptly

Question 24

primary lesions

Answer 24

direct result of disease process

Question 25

secondary lesions

Answer 25

evolves from primary (scratching, trauma, infection, healing process)

Question 26

a braden scale score of 12 or less =

Answer 26

high risk

Question 27

what are the 6 components of the braden scale

Answer 27

1. sensory perception 2. moisture 3, activity 4. mobility 5. nutrition 6. friction and shear

Question 28

normal capillary refill

Answer 28

colour returns in less than 2-3 seconds

Question 29

albinism

Answer 29

total absence of pigent melenin throughout the integument

Question 30

vitiligo

Answer 30

patchy depigmentation from the destruction of melanocytes

Question 31

hyperemia

Answer 31

increased blood flow through engorged arterioles, such as inflammation, fever, alcohol intake, blushing

Question 32

polycythemia

Answer 32

increased number of red blood cells - capillary stasis

Question 33

carotenemia

Answer 33

increased serum carotene from ingestion of large amount of carotene rich foods

Question 34

uremia

Answer 34

- in renal failure - urochrome pigments contained in the blood

Question 35

cherry anginomas

Answer 35

small, smooth, slightly raised bright red dots that commonly appear of the trucks of adults over 30

Question 36

how to asses if moles are benign vs malignant

Answer 36

ABCDE - asymmetry - border irregularity - color variation - diameter - elevation, enlargement or evolution

Question 37

benign characteristics

Answer 37

- symmetrical - even borders - one shade - smaller than 6cm (1/4 inch)

Question 38

malignant characteristics

Answer 38

asymmertical - uneven border - two or more shades - larger than 6cm (1/4 inch)

Question 39

skin cancer prevention

Answer 39

self examination sunscreen