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PD Block I > Skin, Hair, and Nails (+Breast) > Flashcards

Skin, Hair, and Nails (+Breast) Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

intertriginous area

A

area where two skin areas may touch (e.g. axilla, nares, breasts)

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2
Q

what do the SOAP letters stand for?

A

Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan

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3
Q

list 5 examples of how the skin, hair, and nails can be examined to display external manifestations of diease

A
  1. genetic conditions and congenital disorders
  2. endocrine/metabolic disorders
  3. other systemic disease states
  4. infectons
  5. skin, hair, nails can provide clues to occupational/leisure activities and use of drugs
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4
Q

how much does the skin weigh?

A

approx. 6 pounds

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5
Q

list 4 functions of skin

A
  1. protects against heat, light, injury, infection
  2. regulates body temp
  3. stores water, fat, and vitamin D
  4. can sense painful and pleasant stimulation
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6
Q

name and describe the most superficial layer of the skin

A

epidermis
stratum corneum (horny layer)
cellular stratum
basal layer/basement membrane

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7
Q

how long does it take basal cells to migrate to stratum corneum?

A

4 weeks

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8
Q

the accessory organs of the skin are found in what skin layer?

A

dermis

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9
Q

name the middle layer of the skin

A

dermis

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10
Q

describe the cellular structure and function of the stratum corneum

A

continually shedding, dead keratinocytes, keratin (protein formed by dead cells) protects the skin from harmful substances

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11
Q

describe the cellular structure and function of the cellular stratum

A

contains melanocytes (produce pigment melanin- protect against harmful UV rays) and living keratinocytes (squamous cells- to become stratum corneum)

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12
Q

describe the cellular structure and function of the basal layer/basement membrane

A

contains basal cells (continually divide to create new keratinocytes that will be used to protect skin)

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13
Q

name the accessory structures found in the dermis

A

blood vessels, lymph vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands

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14
Q

describe the production, structure, and function of collagen in the dermis

A

dermis held together by collagen. collagen produced by fibroblasts (cells that give the skin its strength)

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15
Q

name the deepest layer of the skin

A

subcutis (subcutaneous layer)

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16
Q

discuss the structure and function of the subcutis

A

network of collagen and fat cells. helps conserve body head and cushioning organs

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17
Q

eccrine glands

A

sweat glands, open to surface and provide cooling mechanism thru. evaporation

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18
Q

apocrine glands

A

under the arms, in the groin, secretions produce littler or no odors, but mix w/ bacteria to result in characteristic odors

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19
Q

discuss the 3 regions of the hair follicle

A
  1. bulb (and suprabulb): bottom portion, base of follicle to insertion of erector pili muscle
  2. isthmus: middle portion, short section from insertion of erector pili to entrance of sebaceous gland duct
  3. infundibulum: upper portion, extends from the entrace of sebaceous gland duct to follicular orifice
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20
Q

discuss the 3 phases of the hair follicle life cycle

A
  1. anagen: longest, active growth phase, 3-4 years (84% of follicles on scalp)
  2. catagen: follicle dies, lasts approx. 2-3 weeks (1-2% of follicles on scalp)
  3. telogen: resting period after follicle dies, lasts 3 months (10-15% of follicles on scalp)
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21
Q

what is turgor and how do you test for it during a PE?

A

tension produced by fluid in the cells and tissues, tested by pinching skin on posterior forearm (NOT dorsal hand)

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22
Q

what affects turgor?

A

edema or dehydration decrease turgor

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23
Q

eponychium

A

covers and protects nail root (cuticle)

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24
Q

paronychium

A

protects nail from getting debris underneath, soft tissue surrounding nail

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25
sebaceous gland
secrete sebum (lipid rich, prevents skin and hair from drying out)
26
pitting
psoriasis
27
koilonychia
AKA spooning, iron deficiency anemia
28
Beau lines
severe systemic illness
29
clubbing
inflammatory/immune diseases (COPD, hear disease)
30
cholasma
seen in women during pregnancy occasionally, darkening of skin on face
31
macule
flat, circumscribed, less than 0.5cm
32
patch
flat, circumscribed (like macule), larger than 0.5mc
33
papule
elevated, firm, circumscribed, less than 0.5cm
34
plaque
elevated, larger than 0.5cm
35
wheal
edematous, irregular shaped, hive, variable diameter, transient
36
nodule
elevated, firm, circumscribed lesions, deeper in dermis than a papule, 1-2cm in diamter
37
tumor
elevated, solid lesion, may or may not be clearly demarcated, deeper in dermis, >2cm in diameter
38
vesicle
elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis, filled with serous fluid less than 1cm in diameter
39
bullae
vesicle greater than 1cm
40
pustule
elevated, superficial lesion, similar to vesicle, but filled with purulent fluid
41
cyst
elevated, circumscribed encapsulated lesion, in dermis or subcutaneous layer, filled with liquid or semisolid material
42
telangiectasia
fine, irregular, red lines, produced by capillary dilation
43
lichenification
secondary lesion: rough, thickened epidermis, secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation
44
keloid
secondary lesion, irregularly shaped, elevated progressively enlarging scar
45
excoriation
secondary lesion, scratch
46
fissure
secondary lesion, linear crack or break from epidermis
47
erosion
secondary lesions, loss of part of the epidermis; depressed moist, glistening
48
ulcer
secondary lesion, loss of epidermis and dermis; caries in size
49
crust
secondary lesion, dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates
50
atrophy
secondary skin lesions, thinning of skin surface and loss of skin markings
51
peau d'orange
pitted or dimpled appearance of skin, texture looks like an orange peel, if found on the breast, concerning for carcinoma
52
leukonychia
white spots on nail plate from minor injury/trauma
53
woods lamp
to inspect skin for fungal infection
54
diascopy
determines if a lesion is vascular or avascular, pushing slide down on skin to see if blanching occurs
55
direct microscopy
skin scrapings, observed on microscope with KOH prep
56
name the 4 skin biopsy methods
1. punch 2. incisional 3. excisional 4. shave
57
what 2 tests are there for allergy testing?
1. patch | 2. prick
58
varicosities
varicose veins, twisted, enlarged, dilated, at skin surface
59
onycholysis
when the nail plate separates from the nail bed, starts at distal groove, often caused by onychomycosis
60
striae
pink-red, linear bands/streaks
61
leukonychia
white spots in the nail plate from minor trauma
62
peau d'orange breast
thickened skin of the breast with enlarged pores. indicates edema of breast caused by blocked lymph drainage following advanced breast malignancy.
63
mass in the breast
concerning if mass is unilateral, irregular in shape, stellate, hard/stoneline, nontender, and evolving in size.
64
pain of the breast
only 10% of cancers present with pain. there may be pain in the axilla if breast cancer has spread to lymph nodes.
65
nipple discharge
can be a sign of pituitary abnormalities such as adenomas
66
nipple retraction
retractions and dimpling occur with contraction of fibrotic tissue, may occur with breast cancer. a new retraction (unilateral) suggests malignancy.
67
be familiar with the lesion types and shapes discussed in skin, hair, nails lecture
quiz yourself using the pictures in the book (but remember that the macule is

PD Block I (6 decks)

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