Skin, Hair & Nail Assessment

Question 1

Stratum germinativum or basal cell layer
Stratum corneum or horny cell layer
Derivation of skin color

Answer 1

Epidermis (outer layer)

Question 2

Connective tissue or collagen
Elastic tissue
Supportive layer—allows skin to stretch

Answer 2

Dermis

Question 3

The dermis layer has what in it?

Answer 3

nerves
sensory receptors
blood vessels
lymphatic

Question 4

subcutaneous layer has

Answer 4

Adipose tissue

Question 5

Function of skin (10 things)

Answer 5

Protection from microbial and foreign substance invasion
Prevents penetration 
Retain fluid and electrolytes
Perception/ Sensation
Temperature regulation
Identification
Communication/ express emotion
Wound repair
Absorption and excretion (sweat)
Production of vitamin D

Question 6

Skin color is determined by:

Answer 6

melanin
Carotine
how much blood volume is circling dermis

Question 7

what variables affect skin color?

Answer 7

1. Emotions
2. Environment
3. Physical

Question 8

Inspecting skin (5 things)

Answer 8

1. General pigmentation
2. Vascularity (circulation of skin)
3. Bruising
4. Patici (small hemorrhages under the skin)
5. Widespread color change

Question 9

skin conditions noted for black individuals

Answer 9

1. Keloids
2. Pigmentary disorders
3. Pseudofolliculitis
4. Melasma

Question 10

pale; indicates anemia, shock

Answer 10

pallor

Question 11

blue tinge to skin or gray color in lips; indicates lack of oxygen, exposure to cold

Answer 11

cyanosis

Question 12

yellow from increased serum bilirubin; indicates liver disease

Answer 12

Jaundice

Question 13

red from increased cutaneous blood flow; indicates inflammation, fever, blushing

Answer 13

erythema

Question 14

renal failure

Answer 14

uremia

Question 15

increased carotene (yellow)

Answer 15

Carotenemia

Question 16

Normal skin variations

Answer 16

birthmarks, freckles, moles (nevi), vitiligo, striae

Question 17

Nevi

Answer 17

moles

Question 18

small, flat macules

Answer 18

freckles

Question 19

tan, reddish, or brown & flat

Answer 19

birthmarks

Question 20

Objective data (5 things)

Answer 20

Temperature, moisture, texture, thickness, vascularity

Question 21

Assessing skin mobility & turgor

Answer 21

Pinching up a large fold of skin on the anterior chest under the clavicle (or on the hand), forearm

Question 22

is its ability to return to place promptly when released

Answer 22

turgor

Question 23

is the skin’s ease of rising

Answer 23

mobility

Question 24

normal angle of nail base

Answer 24

160

Question 25

Curved nail

Answer 25

160

Question 26

early clubbing

late

Answer 26

angle is 180

>180

Question 27

How to evaluate swelling

Answer 27

Imprint the thumb firmly against ankle malleolus and tibia.
Normally the skin surface stays smooth.
If the pressure leaves a dent in the skin, pitting edema is present

Question 28

Pitting edema scale

Answer 28

4 point grading scale

Question 29

slight indentation, no perceptible swelling of the leg (2mm)

Answer 29

1+ mild pitting

Question 30

indentation subsides rapidly (4mm)

Answer 30

2+ moderate pitting

Question 31

indentation remains for a short time, leg looks swollen (6mm)

Answer 31

3+ deep pitting

Question 32

indentation lasts a long time, leg is very swollen (8mm)

Answer 32

4+ very deep pitting

Question 33

ABCDE

Answer 33

Asymmetry
Border
Colour
Diameter
Evolution