Skin, Hair, Nails

Question 1

factors to inspect in skin

Answer 1

color
temperature
moisture
texture
thickness
edema
mobility/turgor
vascularity and bruising

Question 2

factors to inspect in hair

Answer 2

color
texture
distribution
lesions

Question 3

factors to inspect in nails

Answer 3

shape and contour
consistency
color
capillary refill (return of color after pressing)

Question 4

ABCDEF skin assessment

Answer 4

A : asymmetry
B : border
C : color
D : diameter
E : elevation and enlargement
F : funny looking - different from others

Question 5

striae (gravidarum)

Answer 5

stretch marks

Question 6

linea nigra

Answer 6

dark line down midline

Question 7

chloasma

Answer 7

hyperpigmentation on face

Question 8

senile lentigines

Answer 8

liver spots

Question 9

senile purpura

Answer 9

capillary fragility causing discoloration

Question 10

annular

Answer 10

circular pattern, begins in middle and spreads in periphery

Question 11

confluent

Answer 11

lesions run together (hives)

Question 12

discrete

Answer 12

distinct individual lesions (acne)

Question 13

gyrate

Answer 13

swirled, twisted, coiled

Question 14

grouped

Answer 14

cluster arrangement (contact dermititis)

Question 15

linear

Answer 15

in a line, like a scratch

Question 16

target

Answer 16

bullseye

Question 17

zosteriform

Answer 17

linear along single nerve route, only on one side

Question 18

polycyclic

Answer 18

annular but together (psoriasis)

Question 19

macules

Answer 19

freckles, flat and circular, under 1 cm

Question 20

papules

Answer 20

moles/warts, elevated, under 1 cm

Question 21

nodules

Answer 21

solid, elevated, larger than 1 cm

Question 22

wheal

Answer 22

raised mosquito bite

Question 23

vesicle

Answer 23

fluid filled pocket - pox/blister, less than 1 cm

Question 24

bulla

Answer 24

fluid filled pocket - pox/blister, greater than 1 cm

Question 25

cyst

Answer 25

fluid filled cavity

Question 26

pustule

Answer 26

circular, elevated, filled with exudate (acne)

Question 27

crust

Answer 27

thick, dried up exudate (from pustule or vesicle that burst)

Question 28

scale

Answer 28

flakes of dried skin

Question 29

fissure

Answer 29

linear crack, abrupt edges (athlete's foot)

Question 30

erosion

Answer 30

moist, shallow

Question 31

ulcer

Answer 31

deeper depression, like bed sores on pressure points

Question 32

excoriation

Answer 32

abrasion from scratching

Question 33

scar

Answer 33

tissue replaced with collagen after injury

Question 34

atrophic scar

Answer 34

epidermis has thinned out at point of injury healing

Question 35

lichenification

Answer 35

thickened skin due to prolonged intense scratching

Question 36

keloid

Answer 36

benign excess of scar tissue (extends beyond skin surface)

Question 37

petechiae

Answer 37

bleeding from capillaries (tiny) can indicate clotting problem

Question 38

purpura

Answer 38

extensive petechiae, can lead to/include bruising

Question 39

ecchymosis

Answer 39

purplish patch from blood leaking into skin (bruise)

Question 40

primary contact dermatitis

Answer 40

local inflammatory reaction to irritant or allergy

Question 41

tinea corporis

Answer 41

scales with pigmentation opposite of regular skin color, multiple annular lesions with clear centers

Question 42

AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma

Answer 42

vascular cancer in HIV pt. presents in patch-stage as faint pink lesions

Question 43

clubbing of nails

Answer 43

nail bed angle greater than 180*, makes distal phalanx look rounder, wider and shiny. (can be from chronic lung inflammation, lung cancer, heart defects with r-to-l shunts)