Skin, Hair, Nails

Question 1

A small, raised bump on the skin caused by thickening

Answer 1

Papule

Question 1

A flat, colored spot on the skin that is less than 1 cm wide

Answer 1

Macule

Question 2

A larger macule that is more than 1 cm wide

Answer 2

Patch

Question 3

A raised area formed by many papules that is wider than 1 cm

Answer 3

Plaque

Question 4

A solid bump on the skin, larger than 1 cm, which can be hard or soft.

Answer 4

Nodule

Question 5

A raised, itchy area on the skin that appears quickly and has a slightly irregular shape

Answer 5

Wheal

Question 6

A larger lump (a few centimeters or more) that can be firm or soft and goes deeper into the skin; it can be harmless or harmful

Answer 6

Tumor

Question 7

A condition where many wheals combine to form a large, itchy reaction

Answer 7

Urticaria (hives)

Question 8

A small bump filled with pus that is raised and well-defined

Answer 8

Pustule

Question 8

A round, fluid-filled pocket in the skin that feels tense and raises the surface

Answer 8

Cyst

Question 9

A small, raised bubble on the skin filled with clear fluid, like a blister

Answer 9

Vesicle

Question 10

A larger blister, usually filled with fluid, that has thin walls and can easily break

Answer 10

Bulla

Question 11

A thick, dried layer that forms when blisters or pus-filled bumps burst or dry up

Answer 11

Crust

Question 11

Dry or greasy flakes of skin that come from shedding dead skin cells, often silvery or white

Answer 11

Scale

Question 12

A deep, narrow crack in the skin that has sharp edges and can be dry or moist

Answer 12

Fissure

Question 13

A loss of skin that creates a shallow area with abrupt edges; can also be dry or moist

Answer 13

Erosion

Question 14

The mark left on the skin after a wound heals, where normal skin is replaced with tough tissue

Answer 14

Scar

Question 15

A deeper sore in the skin that goes down into the dermis and has an irregular shape

Answer 15

Ulcer

Question 16

A type of raised scar that grows beyond the area of the original injury; it looks smooth and shiny and feels firm

Answer 16

Keloid

Question 16

A scratch on the skin caused by intense itching; it’s shallow and may have crust on it

Answer 16

Excoriation

Question 17

Red, intact skin that doesn’t turn white when pressed; localized redness in lighter skin

Answer 17

Stage I - Non-Blanchable Erythema

Question 18

Loss of the top layer of skin (epidermis), exposing the second layer (dermis). It looks shallow, like a scrape or open blister with a red-pink area

Answer 18

Stage II - Partial-Thickness Skin Loss

Question 19

The pressure injury goes deeper into the skin, reaching the fatty layer beneath and looking like a crater

Answer 19

Stage III - Full-Thickness Skin Loss

Question 20

The injury involves all skin layers and extends into deeper tissues, exposing muscle, tendon, or bone. It may have stringy tissue (slough) or dead tissue (eschar) and can show rolled edges and tunnels

Answer 20

Stage IV - Full-Thickness Skin/Tissue Loss

Question 21

A localized area of skin that changes to deep red, maroon, or purple, either in intact or damaged skin. In darker skin, the area appears darker but doesn’t turn white when pressed

Answer 21

Deep Tissue Pressure Injury

Question 22

A pressure injury that follows the shape of a medical device on the skin or mucous membrane; mucosal injuries cannot be staged

Answer 22

Pressure Injury Caused by Medical Devices

Question 23

A large, flat, dark red or purple mark on the scalp or face that often follows a nerve path. The color gets darker when the person cries, exerts themselves, or is exposed to temperature changes

Answer 23

Port Wine Stain

Question 24

A raised, bright red spot about the size of a nickel, with clear edges. It doesn’t turn white when pressed

Answer 24

Strawberry Mark

Question 25

A spongy, irregularly shaped mass of blood vessels that is reddish-blue in color. It can be present at birth

Answer 25

Deep Hemangioma

Question 26

A bright red, star-shaped mark with a solid center, usually found on the face, neck, or chest. It can occur during pregnancy, with chronic liver disease, or from hormone therapy

Answer 26

Spider Angioma

Question 27

A blue-purple area caused by swollen small veins that look star-shaped or line-like

Answer 27

Venous Lake

Question 28

Tiny red or purple spots (1 to 3 mm) that look like pinpricks. They are caused by bleeding from small blood vessels

Answer 28

Petechia

Question 29

Larger patches of petechiae and bruises (more than 3 mm), flat and red to purple in color. These can occur due to low platelet counts, blood clotting issues, or certain diseases, especially in older adults

Answer 29

Purpura

Question 30

A larger bruise or discoloration on the skin due to bleeding underneath

Answer 30

Ecchymosis

Question 31

A bruise caused by an injury, like a bump or blow, where the skin remains unbroken

Answer 31

Contusion (Bruise)

Question 32

Common in children. A skin condition that causes itchy, inflamed patches. It can appear when the skin reacts to certain triggers, but the skin remains unbroken

Answer 32

Eczema

Question 33

Common in children. A contagious skin infection that starts as small, moist blisters with a red base. These blisters burst and form sores covered with a thick, honey-colored crust

Answer 33

Impetigo

Question 34

Common in children. A red, moist patch of skin in the diaper area that may have bumps and poorly defined edges. It can extend into the folds of the skin in the groin and buttocks

Answer 34

Diaper Rash

Question 35

Common in children. A viral infection that causes red spots that can become blisters. These blisters may then turn into pustules and finally form crusts

Answer 35

Chicken Pox

Question 36

Fluid builds up in the brain due to blocked drainage, causing increased pressure and a larger head

Answer 36

Hydrocephalus

Question 37

A genetic condition characterized by unique facial features like slanted eyes, a flat nose, a thick tongue, and a short neck

Answer 37

Down Syndrome

Question 38

The early closure of one or more skull joints, leading to an unusual head shape and cosmetic issues

Answer 38

Craniosynostosis

Question 39

A group of disorders caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy, leading to cognitive and behavioral issues, birth defects, and specific facial features like small eyes and a thin upper lip

Answer 39

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

Question 40

A condition where a muscle in the neck is tight or shortened, causing the head to tilt to one side and limited movement to the other. A firm lump may be felt in the muscle

Answer 40

Congenital Torticollis

Question 41

An enlargement of the thyroid gland often due to a lack of iodine in the diet

Answer 41

Simple Diffuse Goiter (SDG)

Question 42

Most common type of headache. Also called "stress headache" Infrequent: <1 day/month Frequent: <15 days/month (for 3 months) Chronic: >15 days/month (for 3 months) Pain location: forehead, sides, back of head

Answer 42

Tension Headache

Question 43

2nd most common type Origin: Trigeminal or vascular Moderate to severe pain Lasts 4-72 hours Often one-sided, but can be both Types: With aura or without aura Chronic migraine: >15 headache days/month (for 3 months)

Answer 43

Migraine

Question 44

Rare and intermittent Excruciating pain, always one-sided Located behind or around the eye, or in the temple May have autonomic signs (like tearing or nasal congestion)

Answer 44

Cluster headache

Question 45

Marked asymmetry with central brain lesion or peripheral cranial nerve VII damage

Answer 45

Bell Palsy

Question 46

Lymph node in front of the ear

Answer 46

Preauricular

Question 47

Lymph node superficial to the mastoid process

Answer 47

Posterior Auricular

Question 48

Lymph node at the base of the skull

Answer 48

Occipital

Question 49

Lymph node midline behind the tip of the mandible

Answer 49

Submental

Question 50

Lymph node that is halfway between the angle and the tip of the mandible

Answer 50

Submandibular

Question 51

Lymph node under the angle of the mandible

Answer 51

Tonsillar

Question 52

Lymph node overlying the sternomastoid muscle

Answer 52

Superficial Cervical

Question 53

Lymph node deep under the sternomastoid muscle

Answer 53

Deep cervical

Question 54

Lymph node in the posterior triangle along the edge of the trapezium muscle

Answer 54

Posterior cervical

Question 55

Lymph node just above and behind the clavicle

Answer 55

Supraclavicular

Question 56

Triangle-shaped posterior fontanel is closed by

Answer 56

1 to 2 months

Question 57

Diamond-shaped anterior fontanel closes between

Answer 57

9 months to 2 years

Question 58

Controls the superior oblique muscle, which helps rotate the eye

Answer 58

CN IV

Question 59

Controls the lateral rectus muscle, which moves the eye outward

Answer 59

CN VI

Question 60

Controls most eye muscles, including those that move the eye up, down, and inward, as well as the muscle that lifts the eyelid

Answer 60

CN III

Question 61

Carries sensory information (feeling) to the brain.

Answer 61

CN V

Question 62

Carries signals that trigger the blink response.

Answer 62

CN VII

Question 63

Increased pressure in the eye compresses the optic nerve, leading to vision loss. It often has no symptoms and is more common with age, in people of African descent, and with a family history

Answer 63

Glaucoma

Question 63

Causes loss of central vision, possibly due to oxidative stress and inflammation. It is characterized by yellow deposits and new blood vessel growth in the macula.

Answer 63

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Question 64

A leading cause of blindness in working-age adults, caused by damage to the retina from diabetes. New treatments include steroid injections and anti-growth factor drugs

Answer 64

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)

Question 65

“Cross eye"

Answer 65

Strabismus

Question 66

"Lazy eye”

Answer 66

Amblyopia

Question 67

Corneal abrasion causes irregular light reflection, resulting in a "shattered" appearance

Answer 67

Abnormalities of the cornea and lens

Question 68

Irregular shape, dilated and fixed pupils, or constricted pupils indicate issues.

Answer 68

Iris and Pupils abnormalities

Question 69

Unequal or absent movement can indicate nerve damage; scaling may suggest seborrhea

Answer 69

Eyebrow abnormality

Question 70

Risk factors include not breastfeeding in the first three months, preterm birth, exposure to secondhand smoke, attending daycare, using pacifiers, and bottle-feeding

Answer 70

Otitis Media Risk Factors

Question 71

Contains three tiny bones called the auditory ossicles: malleus, incus, and stapes. These bones help transmit sound vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear. Protects the inner ear from loud sounds, and helps equalize air pressure on both sides of the eardrum to prevent rupture

Answer 71

Middle Ear

Question 72

Connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx and allows air to pass through. Patients with disorder of this structure may experience difficulties, especially when flying

Answer 72

Eustachian Tube

Question 73

Must be screened for and treated. A common issue after treatment is the persistence of fluid in the middle ear, which can lead to further complications

Answer 73

Acute Otitis Media

Question 74

Contains the bony labyrinth, which houses the sensory organs responsible for balance and hearing

Answer 74

Inner Ear Structure

Question 75

Consists of the vestibule and semicircular canals, which help maintain balance.

Answer 75

Vestibular Apparatus

Question 76

The part of the inner ear that contains the central hearing apparatus, allowing us to perceive sound

Answer 76

Cochlea

Question 77

Assesses the function of the vestibular apparatus by evaluating a person's ability to maintain balance while standing

Answer 77

Romberg Test

Question 78

shows the uvula split either completely or partially

Answer 78

Bifida uvula

Question 78

A gradual nerve degeneration that occurs with aging

Answer 78

Presbycusis

Question 79

a normal, benign, bony ridge running in the middle of the hard palate

Answer 79

- Torus palatinus

Question 80

benign, milky, bluish-white opaque appearance of the buccal mucosa that occurs commonly in Black persons

Answer 80

luekoedema

Question 81

air-filled pockets with the cranium in the frontal and maxillary bones along the side walls of the nasal cavity

Answer 81

Paranasal sinuses

Question 82

Most common site of nose bleeds

Answer 82

Kiesselbach plexus

Question 83

Nasal stuffiness and epistaxis may occur during what as a result of increased vascularity in the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 83

Pregnancy