SKIN, HAIR, NAILS

Question 1

What is a risk factor for skin cancer related to sunlight?

Answer 1

Ultraviolet light exposure

Question 2

What family history increases skin cancer risk?

Answer 2

Family history of skin cancer

Question 3

What type of burns can increase skin cancer risk?

Answer 3

Second-degree burns

Question 4

What is a significant sun-related risk factor?

Answer 4

Acute sunburns

Question 5

What type of employment is associated with higher skin cancer risk?

Answer 5

Outdoor employment

Question 6

What skin condition is a precursor to melanoma?

Answer 6

Melanocytic precursor lesion

Damage to skin tissue (darkened part of the skin, benign freckles and mole)

Question 7

Where is hair distributed on the body?

Answer 7

Hair is distributed over the entire body surface, except for the palmar and plantar surfaces, lips, nipples, and glans penis.

Question 8

What is vellus hair?

Answer 8

Vellus hair is fine, short hair that grows all over your body, including your face, stomach, arms, and legs.

Question 9

What is terminal hair?

Answer 9

Terminal hair is coarse, thick hair found on the scalp, underarms, and pubic area.

Question 10

What are the functions of nails?

Answer 10

Nails provide warmth, protection, and sensation.

Question 11

What is the specific function of nails?

Answer 11

Nails offer protection to the distal surface of digits.

Question 12

What is one function of the skin?

Answer 12

Serves as a protective barrier

Question 13

How does the skin help regulate body temperature?

Answer 13

Temperature regulation

Question 14

What sensory functions does the skin perform?

Answer 14

Sensory organ - pain, touch, pressure, temperature

Question 15

What is another function of the skin related to waste?

Answer 15

Serves as an organ of excretion

Question 16

What is the nail bed?

Answer 16

The nail bed lies under the nail plate and provides a smooth surface for the growing nail plate to slide over.

Question 17

What are periungual tissues?

Answer 17

Periungual tissues refer to the inflammation and/or infection of the soft tissues surrounding the hand and toe nails.

Question 18

What should be assessed regarding the nail bed?

Answer 18

The color of the nail bed should be assessed.

Question 19

What is the matrix in nails?

Answer 19

The matrix is made of special cells whose main job is to make new fingernails and toenails.

Question 20

What is the function of the nail plate?

Answer 20

The nail plate acts as protection from trauma to the outer half of the distal digit.

Question 21

Where is the nail root located?

Answer 21

The nail root lies below the skin, underneath the nail.

Question 22

What is the lunula?

Answer 22

The lunula is the part of the nail root that appears as a visible white crescent.

Question 23

What is the visible part of the hair called?

Answer 23

The visible part of the hair is called the hair shaft.

Question 24

What are the components of the hair shaft?

Answer 24

The hair shaft is composed of the cuticle, cortex, and medulla.

Question 25

What do melanocytes in hair follicles produce?

Answer 25

Melanocytes in each hair follicle produce melanin pigments for the hair during each hair cycle.

Question 26

What is the function of melanin in hair?

Answer 26

Melanin protects the hair against high levels of exposure to the sun and its unwanted consequences such as drying out and brittleness.

Question 27

What are sebaceous glands?

Answer 27

Sebaceous glands are sebum-producing glands found everywhere in the dermis except for the palmar and plantar surfaces.

Question 28

Where are sebaceous glands located?

Answer 28

Sebaceous glands are found everywhere in the dermis except for the palmar and plantar surfaces.

Question 29

What are sweat glands?

Answer 29

Sweat glands include apocrine glands, which are found in areas with hair follicles like armpits and genitals.

Question 30

Where are apocrine sweat glands located?

Answer 30

Apocrine sweat glands are located in areas with hair follicles, such as the armpits and genitals.

Question 31

What is the approximate area covered by the integumentary system in the average adult?

Answer 31

Approximately 20 square feet

Question 32

What is the thickness range of the integumentary system?

Answer 32

0.2 mm to 1.5 mm

Question 33

Name the three layers of the integumentary system.

Answer 33

* Epidermis * Dermis * Hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)

Question 34

What is cyanosis?

Answer 34

Bluish color in the skin, lips, and nail beds ## Footnote Cyanosis is often associated with low oxygen levels in the blood.

Question 35

What does jaundice indicate?

Answer 35

Yellowish appearance of the skin and the whites of the eyes ## Footnote Jaundice is typically caused by an excess of bilirubin in the blood.

Question 36

What is pallor?

Answer 36

Paleness ## Footnote Pallor can be a sign of various medical conditions, including anemia.

Question 37

What is the approach for skin inspection?

Answer 37

Follow a head-to-toe approach.

Question 38

What position should the patient be in to inspect anterior surfaces?

Answer 38

Supine position.

Question 39

What areas should receive special attention during skin inspection?

Answer 39

Skin folds.

Question 40

What position should the patient be in to inspect posterior surfaces?

Answer 40

Side-lying position.

Question 41

What equipment is used for magnification?

Answer 41

Magnifying glass

Question 42

What type of lighting is preferred for equipment use?

Answer 42

Good lighting, natural light preferred

Question 43

What is a portable light source used in equipment?

Answer 43

Penlight

Question 44

What should be worn to maintain cleanliness during equipment use?

Answer 44

Clean gloves

Question 45

What measurement tool is mentioned?

Answer 45

Small centimeter ruler

Question 46

What is used to hold specimens for observation?

Answer 46

Microscope slide

Question 47

What is the first step in assessing the integumentary system?

Answer 47

Ensure the room is well-lit for good visualization.

Question 48

What should be explained to the patient during the assessment?

Answer 48

Explain the assessment process to the patient.

Question 49

What considerations should be made for the patient during the assessment?

Answer 49

Provide warmth and privacy.

Question 50

What type of assessment is typically performed?

Answer 50

A head-to-toe assessment.

Question 51

When might the integumentary system assessment be included?

Answer 51

It may be included in a regional exam for acute illness.

Question 52

What products are used for hair care?

Answer 52

Products used for hair care include shampoos, conditioners, and styling products.

Question 53

What is the use of chemicals on hair?

Answer 53

The use of chemicals on hair can include treatments like coloring, perming, or relaxing.

Question 54

What changes can occur in hair color or loss?

Answer 54

Changes in hair color can result from dyeing or natural aging, while hair loss can be due to various factors.

Question 55

What is the use of a wig or hairpiece?

Answer 55

A wig or hairpiece is used to cover hair loss or to change one's hairstyle temporarily.

Question 56

What tools are used for heat styling?

Answer 56

Tools used for heat styling include hair dryers, heated curlers, and curling irons.

Question 57

What are some common skin care products?

Answer 57

Lotions, perfumes, cosmetics, shavers, razors, and sun protection.

Question 58

What are some examples of home remedies for skin care?

Answer 58

Use of home remedies.

Question 59

How often should one bathe or shower for skin care?

Answer 59

Frequency of bathing or showering.

Question 60

What protective clothing can be used when exposed to the sun?

Answer 60

Hats, visors, gloves, long sleeves or pants.

Question 61

What products should be used for sun protection?

Answer 61

Sunscreens.

Question 62

What is xerosis?

Answer 62

Xerosis refers to dry skin. ## Footnote Example: The patient presented with xerosis on their elbows.

Question 63

What is diaphoresis?

Answer 63

Diaphoresis is excessive sweating. ## Footnote Example: The athlete experienced diaphoresis during the intense workout.

Question 64

What is hypothermia?

Answer 64

Hypothermia is a condition of abnormally low body temperature.

Question 65

What is hyperthermia?

Answer 65

Hyperthermia is a condition of abnormally high body temperature.

Question 66

What does smooth texture indicate?

Answer 66

Smooth texture indicates healthy skin.

Question 67

What does rough texture indicate?

Answer 67

Rough texture may indicate skin issues or dryness.

Question 68

What should be observed for in skin assessment?

Answer 68

Moisture, temperature, and texture.

Question 69

What is necrosis?

Answer 69

Necrosis is the death of body tissue.

Question 70

What causes necrosis?

Answer 70

Necrosis can be caused by illness, infection, injury, disease, or lack of blood flow to your skin.

Question 71

What is a nevus flammeus?

Answer 71

A nevus flammeus is a pink or red patch on the newborn's skin.

Question 72

What are strawberry hemangiomas?

Answer 72

A common type of birthmark that is usually red and purple.

Question 73

What are cherry angiomas?

Answer 73

Cherry angiomas are pinhead-like bumps on the skin.

Question 74

What are venous stars?

Answer 74

Star-like lesions that occur on the dorsum of the feet, legs, back, and lower chest.

Question 75

What is the size of venous stars?

Answer 75

They typically measure 2 to 3 cm.