Skin Hair & Nails ch. 13 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are 4 aspects of a physical skin assessment?
- Skin Assessment integrated throughout examination of whole body
- Scrutinize the outer skin surface first
- Separate skinfolds, under breasts, fat folds, groin
Always inspect feet, toenails, between toes- REMOVE THEIR SOCKS
What is MILC-T?
Skin Assessment tool
INSPECT:
Moisture
Integrity
Lesions
Color
PALPATE:
Temperature/Texture
How should edema be assessed?
Push on the area and see if the skin rises back up or if it stays indented
How is skin turgor tested?
Tenting method
pinch and release, see if skin snaps back
What kind of skin stays tented during a tenting test?
Dry skin
What should be noted about a lesion?
Color
Elevation
Shape/pattern
Size
Location/Distribution
Exudate- color/odor
What should the scalp be checked for while inspecting and palpating the hair?
Lesions
What is a normal nailbed angle?
What is a curved nailbed angle?
160 degrees
160 degrees or less
What sign in the nails indicates low O2 levels?
clubbing- the nailbed and skin being at a flat angle or the nail being higher than the skin
Explain the ABCDEF Skin Assessment of lesions
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Elevation/Enlargement
Funny-looking (unique to those around it)
What skin conditions are sometimes present during pregnancy?
Striae- stretch marks
Linea Nigra- darker line down midline
Chloasma- dark spots on face
Vascular spiders
Explain Senile Purpura
Condition in which the aging adult’s skin bruises very easily and turns dark purple
Explain the following lesion patterns:
Zosteriform
Discrete
Grouped
Annular
Confluent
Zosteriform: one side of body (shingles)
Discrete: individual, remain separate
Grouped: clustered together (contact dermatitis)
Annular: spreads outward in circle
Confluent: lesions run together
List the primary skin lesions
Macules
Papules
Patches
Plaques
Nodules
Wheals
Tumors
Urticaria (hives)
Vesicles
Cysts
Bullas
Pustules
What is the difference between a macule and a papule?
Elevation
Macule: flat-freckle
Papule: raised-moles
What does a wheal lesion look like?
Splatter of paint on/under skin
What do vesicles and bullas look like?
Vesicles- smaller
Bulla-large, fluid-filled
What is a crust?
Secondary lesion
Scab
What is the difference between a fissure and lichenification?
A fissue is caused by a lack of moisture. A lichenification is cracked skin unrelated to moisture
Explain:
Erosion
Ulcer
Excoriation
Erosion: involves something falling off/peeling from skin- BURNS
Ulcer: involves pressure occluding the capillaries, leading to tissue breakdown
Excoriation: Abrasions
Explain 2 types of vascular lesions
Hemangiomas:
port-wine stain
strawberry mask
Telangiectases:
spider/star angioma
venous lake
List 3 types of vascular lesions
Petechiae: often accompanied by itching
Purpura: red splotches
Ecchymosis: purple bruising
Explain Primary Contact Dermatitis
Local inflammation from irritant or allergy, often itchy
Usually a delayed reaction
poison ivy
Explain Tine Corporis
Ringworm
scales, hyperpigmented in white people, depigmented in black people.
Multiple circular lesions with clear centers
Dry
Elevated
textured
