SKIN INFECTION Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
Flat lesions charcterized by change in color of the affected skin.
A
MACULES
2
Q
Raised lesions, solid in consistency of less than 5 mm in diameter
A
PAPULES
3
Q
Flat with elevated surface ( plateau-like) with more than 5 mm diameter
A
PLAQUES
4
Q
Rounded raised lesions more than 5 mm in diameter
A
NODULES
5
Q
Annular or ring like papules or plaques with pinkish color
A
URTICARIA ( wheals or hives)
6
Q
Circumscribed fluid-filled lesions less than 5mmin diameter
A
VESICLES
7
Q
circumscribed fluid-filled lesions more than 5mm in diameter
A
BULLAE
8
Q
Circumscribed, exudate-filled lesions
A
PUSTULES
9
Q
Skin lesions due to bleeding into the skin.
A
PURPURA
a.Petechiae - less than 3 mm diameter
b.Ecchymosis - more than 3 mm diameter
10
Q
Crater- like lesion thay may involve the deeper layers of the epidermis and dermis
A
ULCER
11
Q
Necrotic ulcer covered with a blackened scab or crust
A
ESCHAR
12
Q
A pyogenic (pus-producing) infection involving the hair follicle. It is charavterized by localized painful inflammation and heals rapidly after draining the pus.
A
FOLLICULITIS
13
Q
An extension of folliculitis and also known as boil. It is characterized by LARGER AND PAINFUL NODULES with underlying collection of dead and necrotic tissue.
A
FURUNCLE
14
Q
Represents a coalescence of furuncles that extends into the subcutanueous tissue with multiple sinus tracts.
A
CARBUNCLE
15
Q
Folliculitis occuring at the base of the eyelids
A
STY OR HORDEOLUM
16
Q
Common in children. Primarily involves the face and the limbs. Starts as macule, then becomes a pus-filled vesicle that ruptures and forms crust(honey colored crust)
A
IMPETIGO
17
Q
Part of the normal flora of the skin and commonly associated with “stitch abscess”, UTI, and Endocarditis. Causes infections in individuals with prosthetic devices.
A
STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIS
18
Q
Gram stain of samples of infected tissue will show gram- positive cocci in pairs and chains associated with leukocytes
A
MICROSCOPY
19
Q
Positive beta hemolysis in blood agar.
A
CULTURE
20
Q
Antibiotic susceptibility test with (+) zone of inhibition of growth around the bacitracin disc.
A
BASITRACIN TEST
21
Q
Capable of producing water- soluble pigments. An opportunistic pathogen, a common cause of nosocomial infections(hospital-acquired) and resistant to most antibiotics.
A
PSEDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
22
Q
Warts are caused by a DNA virus, the
A
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS
23
Q
HPV is acquired by?
A
- Direct contact through mucosal or skin breaks.
2.sexual contact.
3.passage through infected birth canal.
24
Q
Benign, self limiting proliferation of the skin that undergoes spontaneous resolution.
A
SKIN WARTS
25
Also known as condylomata acuminata
GENITAL AND ANOGENITAL WARTS
26
Treatment for Warts is by removal of the lesion by:
1.surgical excision
2.cryosurgery
3.electrocautery
4.application of caustic agents
27
Etiologic agents for Herpes Simples Infections
Herpes Simples Virus ( HSV) Types 1 and 2, (herpesviridae)
28
Herpes Simplex Virus can be transmittef through:
1.oral contact ( kissing)
2.fomites (sharing of glasses, toothbrushes)
3.sexual contact
4.transplacental ( during pregnancy) (during childbirth)
29
Primary infection, primarily caused by HSV-1. Presents as vesicles that rupture and ulcerate. Seen in the buccal mucosa, palate, gingivae, pharynx, and the tongue. GINGIVITIS. Common furing childhood.
GINGIVOSTOMATITIS
30
Caused by HSV-1 and HSV 2. Usually located at the vermillion boarders of the lips.
HERPES LABIALIS ( fever blister or cold sore)
31
HSV infection involving the fingers and caused by both HSV types 1 and 2.
HERPETIC WHITLOW
32
HSV Infection occuring in children with eczema.
ECZEMA HERPETICUM
33
HSV infection of the body and is usually acquired during wrestling or playing rugby.
HERPES GLADIATORUM
34
Skin infections may be caused by a variety of infectious agents such as:
Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi
35
A common cause of stitch abscess.
STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS
36
Grape-like clusters
Staphylococcus aureus
37
Treatment choice for Staphylococcus aureus
BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS such as "Penicillin"
38
Part of the normal flora of the skin and commonly associated with "stitch abscess" ,UTI, and endocarditis
STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS
39
Pyoderma
Impetigo - lesions rupture and form honey-colored crusts
40
Clinical findings for STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES
1.impetigo
2.erysipelas
3.cellulitis
4.necrotizing fasciitis
41
Also known as "flesh-eating" or "streptococcal gangrene"
NECROTIZING FASCIITIS
42
TINEA VERSICOLOR is caused by
MALASSEZIA FURFUR
43
MALASSERIA FURFUR IS A NORMAL FLORA of the skin particurly in areas rich in sebaceous glands.
TRUE
44
The lesions are scaly with a dry, chalky appearance, usually appear on the face, neck, trunk ans arms.
TINEA VERSICOLOR
45
___________ are gram positive bacilli arranged individually or in pairs or long serpentine chains giving them characteristic "bamboo fishing rod" or "Medusa head" appearance.
BACILLUS ANTHACIS
46
Mode of transmission of Bacillus Anthracis
Through inoculation into open skin from either the soil or infected animal products, ingestion of infected meat or milk, inhalation of aerosolized spores.
47
It produces four lethal toxins namely; alpha, beta, iota, and epsilon toxins.
CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS
48
A life-threatening infection following physical trauma or surgery characterized by massive tissue necrosis with gas formation, shock, renal failure, and death within 2 days of onset
GAS GANGRENE
49
Fungal infections involving the keratinized structures of the body such as the skin, hair, and nails.
CUTANEOUS MYCOSES OR DERMATOPHYTOSIS
50
Caused of "CUTANEOUS MYCOSES"
Caused by a group of fungi reffered as "DERMATOPHYTES"
51
Dermatophytes produce ________ an enzyme capable of breaking down keratin.
KERATINASE
52
Infect the hair and nails only
MICROSPORUM
53
Infect the skin, hair and nails.
TRICHOPHYTON
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Infect only the skin and nails.
EPIDERMOPHYTON
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DERMATOPHYTES are classified as
1.ZOOPHILIC ( From animals to humans)
2.GEOPHILIC ( from soil to humans)
3.ANTHROPOPHILIC ( From humans to humans)
56
Also known as Athlete' foot
TINEA PEDIS
57
scalp
TINEA CAPITIS
58
Body
Tinea Corporis
59
Tinea cruris or jock itch is in
GROIN
60
TINEA MANUS
Hands
61
Tinea Barbae is in
BEARD
62
TINEA UNGUIUM also known as ONYCHOMYCOSIS
NAILS
63
Tinea involving the skin usually presents with a ________ pattern
RING WORM
64
TREATMENT FOR CUTANEOUS MYCOSES
ANTINFUNGAK DRUGS SUCH AS "AZOLES" Micronazole, clotrimazole, econazole.
65
The infection initially involves the deeper layers of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue then later the bones.
SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES
66
Also known as rose gardener's disease.
SPOROTRICHOSIS
67
Sporotrichosis is caused by a dimorphic fungus called
SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII ( found in the soil and decaying vegetation.
68
Characterized by verrucous nodules or plaques. The infection in insidious and may become chronic.
CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS
69
Mycetoma or Madura Foot common cause are
Phaeoacremonium, Madurella, Curvularia, and Fusarium.
70
also known as Madura foot, is a chronic, progressively destructive disease that primarily affects the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and bones. It typically involves the feet but can also affect other parts of the body.
Mycetoma
71
small, benign growths on the skin caused by an infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). They can appear anywhere on the body and are common, particularly among children and young adults.
WARTS
72
A sexually transmitted form of warts that appear in the genital and anal areas.
GENITAL WARTS ( CONDYLOMATA ACUMINATA)
73
Found on the soles of the feet. These warts can be painful due to their location and are often flat due to pressure from walking.
PLANTSR WARTS
74
Long, thread-like warts that typically appear on the face, especially around the mouth, eyes, and nose.
Filiform Warts
75
Many warts resolve on their own over time, but treatment can speed up the process and alleviate discomfort:
Topical Treatments:Salicylic Acid: Over-the-counter treatments that exfoliate the infected skin.Cantharidin: Applied by a healthcare provider to create a blister under the wart.Cryotherapy: Freezing the wart with liquid nitrogen, often done by a healthcare professional.Electrosurgery and Curettage: Burning off the wart with an electric current and then scraping it away.Laser Treatment: Using laser energy to destroy wart tissue.Immunotherapy: Applying medications or solutions that stimulate the immune system to fight the wart virus.
76
Herpes simplex infections are caused by the
herpes simplex virus (HSV), which is categorized into two types: HSV-1 and HSV-2
77
Commonly causes oral herpes, which results in cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth.Can also cause genital herpes, although this is less common.
HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1)
78
Primarily causes genital herpes, which results in sores and blisters around the genital and anal areas.Less commonly, it can cause oral herpes.
HSV-2 (Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2)
79
Painful blisters or sores on the lips, mouth, gums, or throat.May be accompanied by fever and swollen lymph nodes.
Oral Herpes (HSV-1)
80
Painful blisters or sores on the genitals, buttocks, thighs, or anus.Symptoms may include itching, pain during urination, and discharge.
Genital Herpes (HSV-2):
81
Affects only the outermost layer of the skin (stratum corneum) and hair shafts.Examples: Pityriasis versicolor, Tinea nigra.
Superficial Mycosis:
82
Involves the deeper layers of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and sometimes bone.Examples: Sporotrichosis, Chromoblastomycosis.
Subcutaneous Mycosis:
83
Affects the epidermis, hair, and nails.Commonly caused by dermatophytes (e.g., Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton).Example: Tinea corporis (ringworm of the body), which matches the patient's symptoms.
Cutaneous Mycosis
84
Involves internal organs and can affect multiple systems in the body.Examples: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis.
Systemic Mycosis
85
a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, primarily caused by rhinoviruses. It is highly prevalent and affects people of all ages, typically leading to mild symptoms.
Common cold
86
The most common cause, responsible for about 50% of colds.
Rhinoviruses
87
caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late 2019 and led to a global pandemic. It affects the respiratory system and can cause a range of symptoms from mild to severe, including life-threatening conditions.
COVID-19,
88
COVID 19 CAN BE TRANSMITTED THROUGH
Respiratory Droplets: Spread through coughing, sneezing, talking, or breathing.Aerosols: Smaller particles that can remain suspended in the air, particularly in poorly ventilated spaces.Fomites: Surfaces contaminated with the virus, though this is a less common transmission route.
89
are a group of common viruses that can cause a range of illnesses affecting the respiratory tract, eyes, intestines, and urinary tract. They are particularly known for causing respiratory infections but can also lead to other conditions.
Adenoviruses
90
Redness, swelling, and discharge from the eyes.
Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)
91
Hematuria and dysuria, primarily in immunocompromised individuals.
Urinary Tract Infections
92
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, causing cough and mucus production.
Bronchitis
93
Runny nose, sore throat, cough, fever.
Common cold
94
Treatment for ADENOVIRUSES
There is no specific antiviral treatment for adenovirus infections; management focuses on relieving symptoms:Supportive Care: Adequate rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to alleviate symptoms like fever and pain.Hospitalization: In severe cases, such as pneumonia, especially in infants, elderly, or immunocompromised individuals.Eye Drops: For conjunctivitis, lubricating or antibiotic eye drops may be used to relieve symptoms and prevent bacterial superinfection.
95
versatile pathogens causing a variety of illnesses, from respiratory infections to gastroenteritis and conjunctivitis
Adenoviruses
96
Severe infection of the lungs, leading to fever, cough, and difficulty breathing.
Pneumonia
97
Characterized by the swelling of the nasal passages and the back of the throat
NASOPHARYNGITIS
98
Combination of sore throat, fever, and conjunctivitis, often seen in outbreaks among children.
Pharyngoconjunctival Fever
99
TRANSMISSION OF PATHOGENS THROUGH THE AIR
AEROSOL DROPLET
100
Most common mode of transmission among young children ans their families
FECAL-ORAL
101
Transimission may occur when coming to into contact with contaminated surfaces
DIRECT INOCULATION OF CONJUNCTIVAE BY FINGERS
102
Infection caused by different bacteria than the common ones that cause pneumonia
ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA
