Skin Infections

Question 1

Describe the natural resistance of human skin

Answer 1

Human skin is the first line of defense againstmicrobial infection via

• physical barrier
• secreting low pH sebaceous fluid and fatty acids along with antimicrobial peptides to inhibit pathogen growth
• By possessing its own normal flora, thus deterring colonization by other pathogens

Question 2

Impetigo looks like?

Answer 2

Honey colored crusting of the skin

Question 3

Who is infected with impetigo most commonly?

Answer 3

young children…

Gnerally on the face

Question 4

What causes impetigo?

Answer 4

Strep pyogenes and staph aureus

Question 5

What is Erysipelas

Answer 5

streptococcal infection of teh superficial dermal lymphatics that demonstrates sharply demarcated raised borders

Question 6

Cellulitis

Answer 6

Infection of the deeper dermis and subcu tissue qith poorly demarcated borders. Vast majority of cases are streptococcal in origin

Question 7

Abscesses are

Answer 7

collections of pus in dermis and sub cu

Question 8

Folliculitis

Answer 8

infection of hair follicles in the epidermis

Question 9

Furuncle

Answer 9

Deeper involvement of hair follicle. Also called a boil

Question 10

Carbuncle

Answer 10

adjacent furuncles coalesce into a single inflamed area

Question 11

Staph scalded skin syndrome caused by

Answer 11

Staph aureus toxin

Question 12

Usually scalded skin syndrome is seen in

Answer 12

young babies or adults with renal failure

Question 13

Why adults with renal failure

Answer 13

Can’t clear the toxin

Question 14

Clinical features of scalded skin

Answer 14

generalized redness (erythema) perioral and periocular crusting and radial fissuring with mild facial swelling

Question 15

NEcrotizing fascitis

Answer 15

widespread necrosis

Type I- polymicrobial
Type II- strep
Type III- gas gangrene

Question 16

Pain that is out of proportion

Answer 16

Necrotizing fascitis

Question 17

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Answer 17

Caused by staph aureus which produces a TSST-1 toxin and less commonly by group A strep

Question 18

Toxic shock syndrome signs

Answer 18

fever, strawberry tongue, sunburn-like erythema and sandpaper papules,

Question 19

Treatment of Toxic shock

Answer 19

antibiotics and remove the nidus of infection

Question 20

Cutaneous fungal diseases divided into three categories

Answer 20

superficial, deep, systemic

Question 21

Superficial infections are confined to what space?

Answer 21

dead keratinous tissue, the epidermis, and hair follicles

Question 22

Whats a dermatophyte

Answer 22

fungi that digest keratin as a nutrient. These fungi colonize the highly keratinized stratum corneum or outermost layer of the skin, as well as other keratinized structures such as the nail plate and hair follicles

Question 23

Three genera of dermatophytes

Answer 23

Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton

Question 24

Tinea pedis

Answer 24

Athletes foot, superficial infection of the foot. Mostly caused by dermatophytes

Question 25

Tinea ungium

Answer 25

infection of nail plate or bed. Leads to onchodystrophy (nail bed deformity) with thickening (hyperkeratosis) of the nail bed

Question 26

Tinea corporis

Answer 26

tinea on the trunk or limbs...ring worm

Question 27

Tinea facei

Answer 27

Tinea on the face

Question 28

Tinea cruris

Answer 28

jock itch...does not effect the scrotum or penis

Question 29

Tinea capitis

Answer 29

scalp or hair

Question 30

Tinea capitis most often caused by

Answer 30

T tonsurans

Question 31

Candidiasis most often caused by

Answer 31

candida albicans

Question 32

Candidiasis most often affects

Answer 32

skin, mucous membranes. Gi tract, nails

Question 33

Candidiasis is most common in

Answer 33

females (vulvovaginal candidiasis) and immunosuppresed patients

Question 34

Tinea versicolor

Answer 34

Harmless skin disease found in tropics Characterized by overgrowth of malasezzia (fungus found on the skin of many animals and humans) this leads to hypo or hyper pigmented skin

Question 35

HSV-1 and HSV-2 establish primary infection how

Answer 35

through mucosa or abraded skin, they then lie dormant in the nuclei of nerves where they lay dormant and multiply

Question 36

Recurrence is sparked by

Answer 36

stress, fever, trauma, UV light, menstruation, or immunosuppresion

Question 37

Herpes labialis

Answer 37

vesicular or ulcerative lesions of the oral cavity or perioral skin and mucoaa HSV-1

Question 38

Herpes genitalis

Answer 38

HSV-2 mostly, increasing 1

Question 39

Primary HSV-1 infections

Answer 39

asymptomaic

Question 40

Primary HSV-2

Answer 40

severe, painful vesicles formation, and ulceration

Question 41

Major finding on molluscum contagiosum histology

Answer 41

Eosinophillic cytoplasmic inclusions within keratinocytes

Question 42

E6 in HPV

Answer 42

degrades P53

Question 43

E7 in HPV

Answer 43

Inactivates Rb

Question 44

Overexpression of E6 and E7 leads to

Answer 44

Tumors

Question 45

How does HPV gain access to basal keratinocytes

Answer 45

Comes in through minor abrasions in the skin or mucosa. Transmitted by direct or sexual contact.

Question 46

Where does HPV replicate

Answer 46

In the nucleus It is a very simple circular double stranded DNA virus with an icosahedral capsid Its naked so it can survive well.

Question 47

What HPV strains cause warts on fingers

Answer 47

HPV1

Question 48

What HPV strains cause common warts on other places of the body

Answer 48

HPV2-4

Question 49

Flat warts

Answer 49

HPV 3-10

Question 50

HPV genital warts

Answer 50

6 and 11

Question 51

cervical cancer

Answer 51

HOV 6, 11, 16, 18

Question 52

How do HPV vaccines work

Answer 52

self-assembly of the L1 protein into virus like particles

Question 53

Gardasil protects against

Answer 53

6, 11, 16, 18

Question 54

Cervavix

Answer 54

16, 18