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Year 2- Dermatology > Skin Infections and Infestations > Flashcards

Skin Infections and Infestations Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common infestation?

A

Scabies

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2
Q

Bacteria lives on the skin and doesn’t usually cause problems.
Give some examples of bacteria which lives on skin.

A

Staph epidermidis
Staph aureus
Corynebacterium
Propriobacterium

->although staph aureus is found, it is the most likely to cause infection. However, increased staph aureus on a swab doesn’t automatically mean infection…want to contradict yourself anymore Lucy?

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3
Q

Give an example of a yeast which is found on the skin.

A

Malassezia furfur

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4
Q

What are some signs of infection of the skin?

A

Erythema
Hot
Tender
Pus
Exudate
Fever

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5
Q

What would be some clues which would suggest a skin issue is not an infection?

A

No fever
Long history of relapsing rash
No growth of pathogens on skin swab

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6
Q

What is impetigo?

A

Superficial skin infection

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7
Q

What is the commonest skin infection in children?

A

Impetigo

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8
Q

Which organisms most commonly cause impetigo?

A

Staph aureus
Strep pyrogens

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9
Q

What is the classic finding on examination in someone with impetigo?

A

Yellow/gold crust which often starts in one small area and then is easily spread across the skin

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10
Q

What is the treatment of impetigo?

A

If small amount, topical creams can be used
If widespread, oral antibiotics are used as typical treatment

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11
Q

What is the most common organism causing cellulitis?

A

More commonly strep pyrogens

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12
Q

Which investigation is good for the diagnosis of necrotising fasciitis?

A

CT- shows gas pockets appearing

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13
Q

When can oedema blisters occur?

A

In acute exacerbation of oedema

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14
Q

Where do oedema blisters usually occur>

A

Dorsum of feet

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15
Q

What is lipodermatosclerosis usually associated with?

A

Venous insufficiency
Venous hypotension

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16
Q

What is the treatment of lipodermatosclerosis?

A

Treat underlying venous disease
Topical steroids

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17
Q

RECAP- what are the two types of fungal infection?

A

Tinea
Candidiasis

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18
Q

Tinea is named based on where it is found.

What is another name for tinea pedis?

A

Athlete’s foot

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19
Q

What is the type of tinea if it affects the head?

A

Tinea capitis

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20
Q

What is the type of tinea if it affects the body?

A

Tinea corporis

21
Q

What is the type of tinea if it affects the groin?

A

Tinea cruris

22
Q

What is the type of tinea if it affects the nails?

A

Onychomycosis

23
Q

What investigation is carried out in fungal infections?

A

Skin scraping

24
Q

What is the treatment of tinea?

A

Usually topical creams

Tinea infection of scalp or nails requires oral antifungals

->important to check and treat family members too. Pets can pass it on too!!

25
Q

What is the usual treatment of candida?

A

Topical antifungal cream

26
Q

Intertrigo?

A

Inflammation of a skin fold, often secondary to friction and irritating effect of excess sweat

->antifungal treatment may not be required if just due to sweat and friction

27
Q

Which groups of people are more likely to develop viral warts?

A

Children
Immunosuppressed patients

28
Q

What causes warts?

A

Infection of outer skin layer but the body’s immune system isn’t really aware of it so it continues to grow

29
Q

Are warts contagious?

A

Yes- but low risk of transmission

->children with warts should NOT be excluded from physical activities- cover with plaster if swimming

30
Q

What is the treatment of viral warts?

A

Usually clear spontaneously within a couple of years

There are some treatments but not usually effective

31
Q

What is Molluscum Contagiosum?

A

Viral infection, commonly seen in young children
Umbilicated papules on skin
Will resolve when patients develops immunity

->can become secondarily infected if irritated or knocked

32
Q

Which virus caused cold sores?

A

Herpes simplex

33
Q

What do patents describe as happening before the cold sore appears?

A

Pain/tingling before one appears

34
Q

Herpes simplex can cause lesions in which locations?

A

Lips
Genitals

35
Q

What are patients with Herpes Simplex virus associated cold sores at a greater chance of developing?

A

Eczema herpeticum

36
Q

What is the treatment of eczema herpeticum?

A

Aciclovir

37
Q

What does Herpes Zoster cause?

A

Chicken pox

38
Q

Which site does chickenpox usually effect first before spreading?

A

Usually face

39
Q

What is the secondary infection of Herpes Zoster?

A

Shingles

->dermatomal reactivation down the dorsal root ganglion

40
Q

Is Shingles contagious?

A

Kind of…. people who haven’t had chickenpox can catch it from someone with shingles

41
Q

What is the presentation of Scabies?

A

Intensely itchy, papular rash

42
Q

List some of the typical sites of Scabies.

A

Wrists, genitals, feet, ankles, nipples, umbilicus

43
Q

What is meant by a Scabies burrow?

A

Faecal matter of the mite which causes skin irritation

44
Q

Those with scabies tend to have about 10-100 mites. What is it known as when patients have thousands?

A

Crusted scabies

45
Q

How is a diagnosis of scabies made?

A

Skin scraping and microscopy

46
Q

What is the treatment of scabies?

A

Topical Permethrin cream

->30g per tube and patient applies it all over their body before rinsing off for a week

All household members and close contacts need treated too

47
Q

How long can the scabies itch take to settle?

A

1-4 weeks

->steroids can be given to help manage this symptom

48
Q
A

Year 2- Dermatology (10 decks)

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