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Z Year 2 BRS MSK > Skin infestations and infections 3 > Flashcards

Skin infestations and infections 3 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What is herpes simplex virus?

A

Primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions

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2
Q

Where does Herpes simplex virus favour?

A
  • orolabial

- genital regions

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3
Q

When can transmission occur in herpes simplex virus?

A

even during asymptomatic periods of viral shedding

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4
Q

How is HSV-1 spread?

A

direct contact with contaminated saliva / other infected secretions

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5
Q

How is HSV-2 spread?

A

sexual contact

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6
Q

Where does herpes simplex virus replicate?

A

at mucocutaneous site of infection

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7
Q

How does herpes simplex virus travel?

A

by retrograde axonal flow to dorsal root ganglia

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8
Q

When do the symptoms of herpes simplex virus come?

A

with 3-7 days of exposure

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9
Q

What is herpes simplex virus preceded by?

A

-tender lymphadenopathy
-malaise
-anorexia
± Burning, tingling

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of herpes simplex virus?

A

Painful rouped vesicles on erythematous base to ulceration / pustules / erosions with scalloped border

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11
Q

When is there resolution of herpes simplex virus?

A

Crusting and resolution within 2-6 weeks

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12
Q

What are orolabial lesions like in herpes simplex?

A

often asymptomatic

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13
Q

What is genital lesions like in herpes simplex?

A

often excruciatingly painful→ urinary retention

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14
Q

What are the systemic manifestations of herpes simplex?

A

aseptic meningitis in up to 10% of omen

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15
Q

What can causes reactivation of herpes simplex virus?

A
  1. spontaneous
  2. UV
  3. fever
  4. local tissue damage
  5. stress
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16
Q

What is eczema herpeticum, in herpes simlpex virus?

A
  • emergency

- Monomorphic, punched out erosions (excoriated vesicles)

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17
Q

What is herpetic whitlow?

A

•HSV (1>2) infection of digits – pain, swelling and vesicles (vesicles may appear later)

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18
Q

What is the misdiagnosis of herpetic whitlow like?

A
  • Misdiagnosed as paronychia or dactylitis

* Often in children

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19
Q

What is herpes gladiatorum?

A
  • HSV 1 involvement of cutaneous site reflecting sites of contact with another athlete’s lesions
  • Contact sports e.g. wrestling
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20
Q

When does neonatal HSV infection happen?

A
  • Exposure to HSV during vaginal delivery – risk higher when HSV acquired near time of delivery
  • HSV 1 or 2
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21
Q

What is the onset of neonatal HSV like?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Onset from birth to 2 weeks

* Localised usually – scalp or trunk

22
Q

What can happen in neonatal HSV?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Vesicles → bullae erosions

* Encephalitis → mortality >50% without treatment, 15% with treatment → neurological deficits

23
Q

What is the treatment of neonatal HSV?

Study These Flashcards
A

IV antivirals

24
Q

What are the types of HSV?

Study These Flashcards
A

Severe or chronic

25
Who gets HSV?
Immunocompromised patients e.g. HIV / transplant recipient
26
What is the most common presentation of HSV?
- chronic, enlarging ulceration | - multiple sites or disseminated
27
What type of lesions are in HSV and what systems can be involved?
* Often atypical e.g. verrucous, exophytic or pustular lesions * Involvement of respiratory or GI tracts may occur
28
What is the diagnosis of HSV?
Swab for Polymerase chain reaction
29
What is the treament of HSV?
•Don’t delay 1. Oral valacyclovir or acyclovir 200mg five times daily in immunocompetent localised infection 2. Intravenous 10mg/kg TDS X 7-19 days
30
What are the different types of varicella zoster virus?
Dermatomal - Single dermatome - Multidermatomal - treat with iv antivirals
31
What causes hand foot and mouth disease?
1. Coxsackie A16, Echo 71 2. An acute self-limiting coxsackievirus infection 3. Echo 71 (associated with a higher   incidence of neurological involvement   included fatal cases of encephalitis)
32
What are the symptoms of hand foot and mouth disease?
* Prodrome of fever, malaise, and sore throat * Red macules, vesicles (typically gray and eliiptical), and ulcers develop on buccal mucosa, tongue, palate and pharynx, and may also develop on hands and feet (acral and volar surfaces).
33
How is hand foot and mouth disease spread?
direct contact via oral-oral route or oral faecal route
34
Which viruses cause morbilliform (measles-like) eruptions?
•Measles, Rubella, EBV, CMV, HHV6 & HHV7 cause morbilliform (measles-like) eruptions
35
What other agents cause morbilliform rashes?
* Leptospirosis | * Rickettsia
36
Which disorders mimic morbilliform eruptions?
1. Drug eruptions (most commonly) 2. Pityriasis Rosea 3. Arthropod reactions 4. Early guttate psoriasis 5. Viral morbilliform reactions
37
What causes petechial/purpuric eruptions?
1. Coagulation abnormalities - TTP, ITP, DIC 2. Vasculitis 3. Infections 4. Viruses - Hepatitis B, CMV, Rubella, Yellow fever, Dengue fever, West nile virus 5. Bacterial (BREN) - Borrelia, Rickettsia, Neisseria, Endocarditis 6. Other infections - Plasmodium falciparum, Trichinella 7. Other - TEN, Ergot poisoning, Raynauds
38
What is Gianotti-Crosti syndrome aka papular acrodermatitis of childhood?
viral eruption that causes and acute symmetrical erythematous papular eruption on face, extremities and buttocks – usually in children aged 1-3 years
39
What causes Gianotti-Crosti syndrome?
1. EBV (most common) 2. CMV 3. HHV6 4. Coxsackie viruses A16, B4 and B5 5. Hepatitis B
40
What is another word for erythema infectiosum?
Parvovirus B19
41
What initially happens in erythema infectiosum?
mild fever and headache
42
What happens a few days later in erythema infectiosum
* A few days later – ‘slapped cheeks’ for 2-4 days | * Then reticulated (lacy) rash of chest and thighs in 2nd stage of disease
43
What is roseola infantum called?
exanthem subitum aka 6th disease
44
Who does roseola infantum affect and what are the first signs?
* Children | * 2-5 days of high fever
45
What are the signs of roseola infantum and how long does it last?
* Followed by appearance of small pale pink papules on the trunk and head * Lasts hours to 2 days.
46
What causes roseola infantum?
HHV6 and HHV7 (less commonly)
47
What is Orf caused by?
parapoxvirus
48
When do people get Orf?
Direct exposure to sheep or goats
49
How does Orf present?
* Dome-shaped, firm bullae that develop an umbilicated crust. * Usually develop on hands and forearms
50
How long does Orf last?
resolve without therapy in 4-6 weeks

Z Year 2 BRS MSK (18 decks)

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