Skin:Lesions

Question 1

circumscribed, flat, nonpalpable change in skin color (up to 1 cm)

Answer 1

macule (freckles, flat nevi)

Question 2

circumscribed, flat non palpable change in skin color (> 1 cm)

Answer 2

patch(mongolian spot)

Question 3

Palpable, elevated, circumscribed, solid mass; caused by superficial thickening in epidermis (

Answer 3

Papule(elevated nevus, wart)

Question 4

flat, elevated surface; often formed by coalescence of papules (> 0.5 cm)

Answer 4

plaque(psoriasis)

Question 5

solid, elevated, firm or soft mass; extending into dermis; may be benign or malignant (0.5 - 2 cm)

Answer 5

nodule(fibroma, intradermal nevi)

Question 6

solid, elevated, firm or soft mass; extending into dermis; may be benign or malignant (> 1-2cm)

Answer 6

tumor(lipoma, hemangioma)

Question 7

superficial, raised, erythematous lesion with irregular borders due to localized edema (transient)

Answer 7

wheal(varies in size)(mosquito bite, allergic reactions)

Question 8

wheals coalescing to form an extensive reaction; intensely pruritic

Answer 8

urticaria(hives)

Question 9

circumscribed, superficial, elevated cavity containing free fluid (clear - flows if ruptured) (

Answer 9

vesicle(herpes, chicken pox)

Question 10

large vesicle; usually single chambered and thin - walled - ruptures easily (clear fluid); superficial in epidermis (> 1cm)

Answer 10

bulla(friction blister)

Question 11

circumscribed, superficial, elevated cavity containing turbid fluid (pus) (

Answer 11

pustule(acne)

Question 12

encapsulated, fluid or pus filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer - tensely elevating skin (> 1 cm)

Answer 12

cyst(sebaceous cyst)

Question 13

thickened, dried residue of burst vesicles, pustules or blood; red-brown, honey-colored or yellow depending on origin

Answer 13

crust(eczema)

Question 14

compact desiccated flakes of skin (dry or greasy; silvery or white) from shedding of excess keratin cells; exfoliation of the dermis

Answer 14

scale(post-scarlet fever, dry skin, dandruff)

Question 15

scratch mark; superficial

Answer 15

excoriation(scratch, insect bite, scabies, varicella)

Question 16

linear crack with abrupt edges; extends into dermis (dry or moist)

Answer 16

fissure(cheilosis - corners of mouth; athlete’s foot)

Question 17

superficial, circumscribed loss of epidermis; leaves scooped-out/shallow depression; moist, but no bleeding; no scar (bc does not extend into dermis)

Answer 17

erosion(stage 2 pressure ulcer)

Question 18

circumscribed depression extending into dermis, irregular shape, may bleed; leaves scar once healed

Answer 18

ulcer(pressure sore, malignant growth)

Question 19

replacement of destroyed normal skin tissue by fibrous connective tissue (permanent change)

Answer 19

scar

Question 20

hypertrophic scar - resulting skin level elevated by excess scar tissue - invasive beyond site of injury

Answer 20

keloid

Question 21

depressed skin level from loss of tissue; thinning of epidermis with loss of normal skin furrows (shiny, translucent skin)

Answer 21

atrophy

Question 22

thickening and roughening of skin (usually from scratching); results from tightly packed papules; causes increased visibility of superficial skin markings

Answer 22

lichenification(long-standing eczema)

Question 23

pallor

Answer 23

lack of color: anxiety, fear, anemia

Question 24

erythema

Answer 24

redness (excess blood supply): CO poisoning, fever, infection

Question 25

cyanosis

Answer 25

blue (decreased perfusion): frostbite, hypoxemia

Question 26

jaundice

Answer 26

yellow (skin, sclera): cirrhosis, sickle cell, hepatitis

Question 27

mongolian spots

Answer 27

(babies) hyper pigmentation due to melanocytes; does NOT blanch; will go away (butt/sacrum)

Question 28

cafe au lait spots

Answer 28

oval/round patch, usually harmless unless >6 large spots

Question 29

temporary cyanosis

Answer 29

(normal for NB, will blanch)- acrocyanosis- curtis marmorata (cold temps)

Question 30

acne

Answer 30

- comedonal: white/black heads, closed (due to clogging)- pustular: larger, infection (pimple)

Question 31

2 conditions in older adults (less fat, loss of blood supply, dry skin)

Answer 31

- seborrheic keratosis: raised, thickened pigmentation, skin will repair slowly (ulcers/sores)- senile lentigines: liver spots

Question 32

diaphoresis

Answer 32

excess sweating (anxiety, fever, chest pain)

Question 33

edema (grade 1+ - 4+) and causes

Answer 33

fluid in interstitial spaces- deep venous thrombosis (DVT)- chronic venous insufficiency- lymphedema (will not stay when pressed)- orthostatic edema (standing too long)- congestive heart failure (standing in feet, laying in butt/back)

Question 34

mobility vs turgor

Answer 34

mobility: skin's ease of rising (elasticity)turgor: ability to return promptly (elasticity and moisture)

Question 35

configuration: annular

Answer 35

circular

Question 36

configuration: confluent

Answer 36

lesions running together

Question 37

configurations: discrete

Answer 37

single/by itself

Question 38

configurations: grouped

Answer 38

clustered (poison ivy)

Question 39

configurations: gyrate

Answer 39

twisted, coiled

Question 40

configurations: target

Answer 40

resemble iris of eye/have a center (lyme disease)

Question 41

configurations: linear

Answer 41

in a line

Question 42

configurations: polycyclic

Answer 42

circular (cirrhosis)

Question 43

zosteriform

Answer 43

along a dermatome; virus will live along nerves in the dermatome; start in center and spread outward (shingles)

Question 44

red pin sized macules of the blood in the skin

Answer 44

petechiae

Question 45

large macule or papule of blood in the skin (from bruise)

Answer 45

purpura

Question 46

small hemorrhagic spot on skin or mucous membrane (larger than petechiae) non-elevated, round, purple-blue patch

Answer 46

ecchymosis(escape of blood into tissues from ruptured blood vessels)

Question 47

small bright red papules; benign, usually on trunk in elderly or middle-aged

Answer 47

cherry angioma

Question 48

legs radiating from center with palpable feeding vessel in center; if pressed will blanch

Answer 48

spider angioma (stellate telangiectases)

Question 49

permanently dilated and visible vessels in skin; appear linear, punctate, or stellate; crimson purple

Answer 49

telangiectasia

Question 50

pale pink to purple macules; present at birth; caused by dilated dermal capillaries

Answer 50

nevus flammeus (port wine stain)

Question 51

Skin Cancer Warning Signs

Answer 51

A: asymmetry in shapeB: border is irregularC: color is mottled (haphazard display)D: diameter is large(elevation almost always present; enlargement - history of size increase)

Question 52

slow growing skin cancer, rarely metastasized, almost translucent; dome shaped papule with overlying telangiectasia; locally invasive and destructive

Answer 52

basal cell carcinoma (most common)

Question 53

(skin cancer) invasive malignancy; bleeding and scabbing repeats; may arise from actinic keratosis

Answer 53

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 54

superficial spreading skin cancer, nodular - very dark in color

Answer 54

melanoma

Question 55

hirsutism

Answer 55

excess hairiness on women where terminal hair does not normally occur (can be a symptom of polycystic ovarian)

Question 56

clubbing

Answer 56

end of nail/skin becomes bulbus

Question 57

paronychia

Answer 57

infection (nail)