Skin + Soft tissue Infections Flashcards

Question

What are the predisposing factors of pyomyositis?

Answer 1

``` Diabetes HIV/ immunocompromised IV drug user Rheumatological disease Malignancy Liver cirrhosis ```

Answer 2

first, CT/MRI then | treatment= drainage with antibiotic Tx depending on gram stain + culture results

Answer 3

Located subcutaneously between bony prominences e.g. patellar or olecranon bursitis Fever + pain on movement Facilitate movement with reduced friction Infection is often from adjacent skin infection

Answer 4

``` Rheumatoid arthritis Alcoholism Diabetes IV drug use Immunosuppression Renal insufficiency ```

Answer 5

``` Diagnosis= aspiration of fluid Cause= staph aureus ``` Rarer organisms: gram negatives, mycobacteria

Answer 6

Infection of the synovial sheet that surrounds tendons (most commonly tendons in hand) cause= staph aureus, strep pyogenes presents: erythematous swelling of finger Finger held in a semi flexed position Needs urgent review by hand surgeon + antibiotics

Answer 7

Due to superantigens Dysfunction of immune system activation (not enough T cells activated)

Answer 8

Staph aureus and strep pyogenes causes toxin syndrome which manifests as fever, rash, hypotension and organ failure associated with high-absorbency tampons

Answer 9

Staphylococcal: 3 of following involved: liver, blood, renal, GI, CNS, muscular There is development of antibody to toxin during recovery Streptococcal: mortality rate is much higher (50%) treatment requires urgent surgical debridement

Answer 10

* Remove offending agent (tampon) * Intravenous fluids * Inotropes (to increase HR/BP) * Antibiotics * Intravenous immunoglobulins

Answer 11

Infection due to exfoliative toxin A or B commonly affects children Characterised as widespread bullae and skin exfoliation Tx= IV fluids + antibiotics

Answer 12

Caused by staph aureus, cause recurrent boils and haemorrhagic pneumonias affects children + young adults Tx= antibiotics the reduce toxin production

Answer 13

Nosocomial infection Starts as local inflammation, progresses -> cellulitis -> necrosis common to have bacteraemia

Answer 14

Continuous infusion > 24 hours Cannula in situ > 72 hours Cannula in lower limb Patients with neurological problems

Answer 15

Staph aureus: MSSA (methicillin sensitive SA) MRSA

Answer 16

``` Dx= clinically or positive blood cultures Tx= remove cannula, antibiotics for 14 days, echocardiogram (can lead to endocarditis) ```

Answer 17

–Do not leave unused cannula –Do not insert cannulae unless you are using them –Change cannulae every 72 hours –Monitor for thrombophlebitis Use sceptic technique when inserting cannula

Answer 18

Class 1= Clean wound infections: - Infections in a surgical site that is sterile (example joint operations). - Normally due to invasive organisms such as Staph aureus Class 3= Contaminated wound infections: - Infections at a surgical site that is either already contaminated at the start of surgery or contaminated during surgery e.g. spillage of GI fluid - Role of coliforms or anaerobic organisms

Answer 19

MRSA important source of infection • Importance of culturing all clean wound infections Consider unlikely pathogen is cause is from a sterile site e.g. bone infection • Treatment according to sensitivities

Answer 20

Patient associated: diabetes, smoking, obesity, malnutrition, steroid use Procedural: shaving of site prior to procedure, improper pre-op skin preparation, improper antimicrobial prophylaxis, break in sterile technique, inadequate theatre ventilation

Skin + Soft tissue Infections Flashcards

(44 cards)