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skin structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

what does the embrylogical development of skin follow

A

Blaschkos lines

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2
Q

what is the dermis derived from

A

mesoderm

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3
Q

what is the epidermis derived from

A

ectoderm

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4
Q

what is are melanocytes derived from

A

neural crest

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5
Q

define the epidermis

A

stratified squampus epithelium mainly made of keratinocytes and forms the outer protective layer of skin

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6
Q

what are the main functions of keratinocytes

A

production of keratin, synthesis of vitD and immune functions

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7
Q

what are the 4 layers of the epidermis created by

A

the travelling of keratinocytes

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8
Q

how long does it take for keratynocytes to travel from the deepest to the most superficial layer of the epidermis

A

28 days

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9
Q

what are the 4 layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial

A

basal layer, prickle cell layer, granular layer, keratin layer

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10
Q

what layer of the epidermis conatins merkel cells, melanocytes, abundance of keratin and a single layer of cuboidal keratinocytes

A

basal layer

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11
Q

what does the prickle cell layer of the epidermis consist of

A

polyhedral keratinocytes

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12
Q

what does the granular layer of the epidermis consist of

A

2-3 layers of flattened keratinocytes and langerhans cells

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13
Q

what is the functions of the granular layer of the epidermis

A

to produce a cornified envelop by producing keratin and other proteins such are filaggrin and involucrin

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14
Q

what are distinguishing features of keratinocytes in the granular layer of the epidermis

A

lack of nuclei, high lipid content, odland bodies

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15
Q

what is the keratin layer of the epidermis also known as

A

stratum corneum

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16
Q

what is the keratin layer of the epidermis made of

A

corneocytes and insoluble cornified envelope

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17
Q

what are corneocytes

A

non nucleated remanants of keratinocytes

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18
Q

what does the insoluble cornified envelop consist of

A

keratin, lipids and filaggrin

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19
Q

what epidermis layer varies in thickness the most throughout the body

A

keratin layer

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20
Q

what are melanocytes

A

dendritic cells that migrate from the neural crest

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21
Q

what are melanocytes responsible for

A

producing melanin from tyrosine

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22
Q

what happens to melanin

A

it is transferred to keratinocytes

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23
Q

why is the melanin transferred to keratinocytes

A

to protect DNA from damage from UV rays by absorbing them

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24
Q

what are langerhans cells and where are they found

A

dendritic cells found in the prickle cell layer of the epidermis and the dermis

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25
what is the primary function of langerhans cells
antigen presentation to T cells
26
what is the distinguishing feature of langerhans cells
birckbeck granules
27
where are merkel cells found
in the basal layer
28
what is the function of merkel cells
mechanoreception
29
what is the dermoepidermal junction
an avascular zone which acts as the interface between the dermis and epidermis
30
what results from alterations of the dermo-epidermal junction
bullae
31
what are the functions of the dermoepidermal junction
semi permuable membrane that acts as a barrier to filtration, support, adhesion and anchorage of epidermal cells
32
components of the dermoepidermal junction from superficial to deep
hemi desmosomes, lamina lucida, lamina densa, sub lamina densa
33
what is the primary function of the dermis
to support and cushion the epidermis
34
what is the majority of the dermis compoased of
connective tissue
35
components of connective tissue
collagen, elastin, ground substance which is gel like composed of glycoaminoglycans
36
what cells are found in the dermis
mast cells, fibroblasts, langerhans cells, lymphocytes and macrophages
37
how many types of skin glands are there
3
38
where are all 3 of the skin glands found
in the dermis
39
what are the 3 skin glands
sabeceous, apocrine, eccrine
40
what are sabaceous glands
glands that wrap around the hair follicles
41
where are sabaceous glands found on the body
face, chest and upper back
42
what do sabaceous glands produce
sebum
43
what does sebum do
prevent moisture loss and protects against infection
44
where are apocrine glands found
deep in the dermis and project up towards and open out into the hair follicle
45
where are apocrine glands glands found on the body
axilla and perineum
46
what do apocrine glands do
produce scented oily fluid
47
what are eccrine glands
sweat glands that open directly onto the skin
48
where are eccrine glands found on the body
every where especially the axilla, palms and soles
49
what allows the skin to undertake its role in thermoregulation
extensive blood supply that far outweighs the metabolic demand
50
what do the blood vessels in the dermis form
a horizontal plexus
51
what do the blood vessels in the dermis also supply
the epidermis
52
what does the dermis have
abundant amount of autonomic, sensory and motor nerves
53
where are meissners corpuscles
groups of sensory nerves that are found HIGH in the dermis
54
what do meissners corpuscles respond to
light touch and vibration
55
what are pacinian corpuscles found
groups of sensory nerves found DEEP in the dermis
56
what do pacinian corpuscles respond to
heavy, deep pressure
57
describe the lymphatics of the skin
it is extensive and the vessels form a meshed network within the dermis
58
what are the 3 types of hair
terminal, vellus, lanago
59
what is terminal hair
course hair
60
where is terminal hair found
scalp, beard and pubic region
61
what is vellus hair
fine hair
62
where is vellus hair found
on the face of women and pre pubescent children
63
what is lanago
soft hair
64
where is lanago found
in new borns
65
what are the 3 stages of hair growth
anagen, catagen, telogen
66
what is anagen
period of active growth
67
what is catagen
period of no active growth but with involution of the hair
68
what is telogen
hair falls out
69
what are the functions of the skin
barrier, sensation, thermoregulation, immune defence, metabolism - vit D3 and activation of T4-T3
70
what arethe cells responsible for vitamin D production
Keratinocytes

dermatology (12 decks)

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