skinfold

Question 1

mark the acrominale landmark on the client

Answer 1

acromion process- most lateral aspect of the acromion border

Question 2

mark the radiale landmark on the client

Answer 2

proximal and lateral head of the radius

Question 3

mark the mid-acrominal-radiale landmark on the client

Answer 3

midway between acrominale and radiale landmarks

Question 4

find the tricep and bicep skin fold sites

Answer 4

anterior and posterior aspects of the arm, midway

Question 5

mark the subscapulare landmark on the client

Answer 5

undermost tip of the inferior angle of the scapula

Question 6

find the sub scapular skin fold site

Answer 6

2cm at. 45 degree angle down from the subscapulare landmark

Question 7

mark the iliocristale landmark on the client

Answer 7

iliac crest inline with the mid axially line (armpit)

Question 8

find iliac crest skinfold site

Answer 8

grab iliocristale landmark and mark with an x (above)

Question 9

find the abdominal skin fold site

Answer 9

5cm horizontally from the middle of the navel (belly button)

Question 10

mark the ilispinale landmark on the client

Answer 10

inferior aspect of the anterior superior iliac spine ASIS (sartorious origin)

Question 11

find the supraspinale skin fold site

Answer 11

1-horizontal across from the iliocristale landmark

2-line from the marked iliospinale to the anterior axillary border (armpit)

Question 12

find the medial calf skin fold site

Answer 12

measure/ find the largest girth of the calf with the tape measure
mark in the medial side of the calf in line with the medial malleolus

Question 13

find the front thigh skin fold site

Answer 13

midpoint from the inguinal line/ fold to the anterior superior border of the patella

Question 14

what are the two components of body composition ?

Answer 14

fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM)
FM- adipose tissue (essential and non-essential)
FFM- muscle, bone, organs, water

Question 15

what is the difference between fat free mass and lean mass?

Answer 15

fat free mass relates to the bone, muscle, water etc, whereas lean mass is purely muscular mass

Question 16

what is sarcopenia?

Answer 16

the progressive loss of muscle strength and functionality
-6% decrease per decade after middle age
-caused by:
aging
inactivity
malnutrition
disease

Question 17

what is sarcobesity?

Answer 17

decrease in muscle mass

increase in fat mass

Question 18

what is the difference between men and women?

Answer 18

• difference in hormones, women can transfer food into fat more easily
• the pill increases fat mass
• women have a higher %FM (20-30%) compared to males (10-15%)

Question 19

what is the gold standard test?

Answer 19

1. human bodies (dead)
DEXA scanner (bine density scan)
expensive
can't use on obese population
over estimates 
-used to be water Immersion

Question 20

what other tests can be used?

Answer 20

BMI
BIA 
Water immersion
Waist circumference
Skinfold
DEXA

Question 21

what are the pros and cons of skin fold test?

Answer 21

pros:
-used widely as a way of predicting subcutaneous fat related to total body fat
-cheap
-can be done quickly
cons:
-measurement error (experience, equipment, inaccurate for morbid obesity)
-more fat internally for older people

Question 22

what risks are associated with high fat mass?

Answer 22

-risks of diseases:
heart disease
diabetes
stroke
cancer