Skull Flashcards
(76 cards)
1
Q
Entire bony head, including the mandible
A
Skull
2
Q
Bony head excluding the mandible
A
Cranium
3
Q
Cranium without the face
A
Neurocranium or Calvarium
4
Q
Calvarium without the base
A
Calotte
5
Q
Bones of the brain case
A
Neurocranium or calvarium
6
Q
Bones of the face, including mandible
A
Splanchnocranium
7
Q
Accessory bones
A
Ear ossicles and hyoid
8
Q
Irregular ossicles that occur along some sutures
A
Extrasutural (wormian) bones
9
Q
Also called the squamae; comprised of frontal parietals, temporals, and occipital
A
Cranial vault or calva
10
Q
Complex, perforated by many foramina that allow passage of nerves and blood vessels to and from the brain; site of muscle attachment for muscles of the jaw and neck, which produces bony projections and crests
A
Cranial base (basicranium)
11
Q
Face bones
A
14 bones, are mostly thin plates of cortical bone
12
Q
Intramembranous ossification
A
Sides and roof of the skull as well as facial skeleton
13
Q
Endochondral ossification
A
Cranial base (chondrocranium = cartilage cranium)
14
Q
Combined ossification
A
Occipital, sphenoid, and temporal bones
15
Q
Frontal bone
A
Unpaired, intramembranous ossification, neurocranium
16
Q
Parietal bone
A
Paired, intramembranous ossification, neurocranium
17
Q
Occipital bone
A
Single, combined ossification, neurocranium
18
Q
Temporal bone
A
Paired, combined ossification, neurocranium
19
Q
Sphenoid bone
A
Single, combined ossification, neurocranium
20
Q
Ethmoid bone
A
Single, endochondral ossification, neurocranium
21
Q
Zygomatic bone
A
Paired, intramembranous ossification, splanchnocranium
22
Q
Maxilla
A
Paired, intramembranous ossification, splanchnocranium
23
Q
Nasal bone
A
Paired, intramembranous ossification, splanchnocranium
24
Q
Lacrimal bone
A
Paired, intramembranous ossification, splanchnocranium
25
Vomer
Single, intrammebranous ossification, splanchnocranium
26
Inferior nasal concha
Paired, intramembranous ossification, splanchnocranium
27
Palatine
Paired, intramembranous ossification, splanchnocranium
28
Mandible
Single, intramembranous ossification, splanchnocranium
29
Coronal sutures
Connect the parietals to the frontal bone
30
Sagittal suture
Connects the parietals
31
Lambdoid suture
Connects the parietals to the occipital
32
Squamous suture
Connects the temporal bones to the parietals
33
Basilar suture
Connects the occipital to the sphenoid
34
Optic canal
Sphenoid
35
Superior orbital fissure
Sphenoid
36
Inferior orbital fissure
Located between maxilla and sphenoid
37
What 6 bones make up the orbital cavity?
Lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, maxilla, zygomatic ****the palatine sometimes contributed a small portion to the orbital cavity***
38
What 3 elements make up the nasal septum
The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone above, the vomer below, and the septal cartilage anteriorly
39
Lateral walls of nasal chambers
Conchae; inferior nasal concha is a separate bone, while the middle and superior nasal conchae are parts of the ethmoid bone
40
Roof of the oral cavity
Hard palate
41
Oral cavity
Hard palate, palatine processes of the right and left Maxillary bones, and the horizontal plates of the two palatine bonds
42
Form the side walls of the oral cavity
Mandibular body and Rami
43
Connect the mandible to the cranium at …. of the temporal bones
Mandibular condyles, mandibular (glenoid) fossae
44
Fit up into the zygomatic arch
Coronoid processes
45
Foramen magnum
Occipital
46
Condylar foramen
Occipital
47
Hypoglossal canal
Occipital
48
Jugular Foramen
Occipital and temporal
49
Stylomastoid foramen
Temporal
50
Carotid canal
Temporal
51
Foramen spinosum
Sphenoid, crescent of foramina
52
Foramen ovale
Sphenoid, crescent of foramina
53
Foremen rotundum
Sphenoid, crescent of foramina
54
Superior orbital fissure
Sphenoid, crescent of foramina
55
External auditory meatus
Temporal
56
Internal auditory meats
Temporal
57
Incisive foramen
Maxilla
58
4 muscles of mastication
Temporalis muscle, masseter muscle, medial pterygoid muscle, lateral pterygoid muscle
59
Temporalis muscle
Origin on side of neurocranium (limit marked by temporal line), insertion on coronoid process of mandible, functions to elevate the mandible (close mouth)
60
Masseter Muscle
Origin on inferior surface of zygomatic arch, insertion on external ( lateral) aspect of mandibular ramus, functions to elevate the mandible (close mouth)
61
Medial pterygoid muscle
Origin on medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate, insertion on internal (medial) aspect of mandibular ramus, function to elevate the mandible (close mouth)
62
Lateral pterygoid muscle
Origin on lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate, insertion on internal (medial) aspect of condylar neck of mandible, functions to depress the mandible (open the mouth)
63
Metopic suture
Combine frontal bones, fused in adults
64
Bones of the Neurocranium
8 bones + 6 ear ossicles
Frontal (1)
Parietal (2)
Occipital (1)
Temporal (2)
Ear ossicles inside (6)
Sphenoid (1)
Ethmoid (1)
65
Bones of the Splanchnocranium
14 bones including +1 hyoid
Maxilla (2)
Palatine (2)
Vomer (1)
Inferior nasal conchae (2)
Nasal (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Mandible (1)
Lacrimal (2)
66
Temporal processes - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones
Forms upper surface of jaw joint (temporomandibular joint)
Joins zygomatic process of temporal bone posteriorly
Articulate with frontal, maxillae, ethmoid and inferior nasal conchae
Zygomatic arch - masseter muscle origin is along inferior border
Malar tubercle = anterior extent of masseter muscle origin
67
Zygomatic processes - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones.
Thin anterior bony projection that forms the posterior half of the zygomatic arch
Articulates with zygomatic bone at anterior end
Masseter muscle inserts along inferior margin of zygomatic arch
Major elevator of the mandible (closes jaw)
68
Mastoid processes - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones
Inferior projection of bone posterior to EAM
Roughened surface is muscle insertion site for: sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis and logissimus capitis
Act during extension, Flexion and rotation of head
69
Styloid processes - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones
Thin, bony rod that projects anteroinferiorly from base of temporal bone
Often missing in lab specimens
Anchors stylohyoid ligament to the hyoid
70
Greater wing processes - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones
Large lateral projections on weather side of the body
Form most of the cranial fossa
External aspect visible on neurocranium; posterior to maxilla, medial to zygomatic
71
Lesser wings - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones
Small, thin projections on either side of the body
Located medial to the greater wings
Emanate from the superior surface of the body
Contribute to middle cranial fossa
72
Medial pterygoid plates - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones
Thin, vertical, inferiorly-projecting plate
Articulates anteriorly with palatine bone
Pterygoid hamulus at the inferior tip presenting with a hook like process
Attachment site for Tensor veli palatini muscle - tense soft palate
73
Lateral pterygoid plates - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones
Thin. Vertical, inferiority-projection plate
Parallel and lateral to medial pterygoid plate
Medial surface - attachment site for medial pterygoid muscle
Elevates mandible - closes jaw
Lateral surface - attachment site for lateral pterygoid muscles
Depresses mandible (opens mouth)
74
Occipital condyles - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones
Located on either side of foramen magnum
Articulate with superior most vertebra (C1=Atlas)
75
Inion cranial landmark
Intersection of superior nuchal lines in the external occipital protuberance
76
External occipital protuberance - attachment points for muscles, ligaments, or other bones
Located along midline where occipital and nuchal planes intersect
Attachment site for the trapezius muscle
