Skull and Brain

Question 1

Original structure of invaginations?

Answer 1

Branchial arches

Supported gills

Question 2

Tetrapod differences from fish?

Answer 2

• Developed neck
• Bones instead of cartilage

Question 3

Ear ossicles?

Answer 3

Bones of the ear; evolved from reptilian jaw joint

Question 4

Difference btwn mammalian/human brain & other animals?

Answer 4

Same basic pattern, but:

• larger forebrain
• smaller midbrain and hindbrain

Question 5

What are the 2 divisions of the skull?

Answer 5

Cranium and mandible

Question 6

Cranial divisions?

Answer 6

• Viscerocranium (face; jaws)
  • Basicranium (skull base)
  • Neurocranium (brain case

Question 7

Types of cranial bone? What parts do they form?

Answer 7

Endochondral bone: forms cranial base

Intramembranous bone: forms cranial vault, most of face, and jaws

Individual cranial bones can have both endochondral and intramembranous parts

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Frontal bone

Question 10

Answer 10

Ethmoid

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14

(Within sphenoid)

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

Which brain regions go in each fossa?

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

3 ways the skull grows?

Answer 21

• Sutural growth
• Drift
• Synchondrosis growth

Question 22

Sutural growth?

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

Drift?

Answer 24

Deposition and reabsorption of cranial bone; expands cavities

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

Cranial capacity at birth?

Answer 26

400cc (size of adult chimp)

Question 27

Infants have **spaces** between cranial bones. What are they called and what's their purpose?

Answer 27

Fontanelles Allows for brain growth, and deformation during childbirth

Question 28

Edentulous jaws

Answer 28

"Meth mouth" Loss of teeth = less bone stress = bone resorption

Question 29

CNS body mass % & BMI %?

Answer 29

2-3% of body mass 20-30% of basal metabolic rate

Question 30

of neurons and synapses?

Answer 30

- 100 Billion neurons - Each neuron makes 10k synapses

Question 31

Brain folds are called (2 words)?

Answer 31

- Gyri - Sulci

Question 32

Brain gray matter & white matter location?

Answer 32

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

Cerebellum function?

Answer 34

Question 35

Pons function?

Answer 35

Question 36

Medulla oblongata function?

Answer 36

Question 37

Midbrain?

Answer 37

Question 38

Thalamus and Hypothalamus function?

Answer 38

Question 39

Answer 39

Question 40

Occipital lobe function?

Answer 40

Vision (receives sensory input from the eyes)

Question 41

Frontal lobe function?

Answer 41

Motor functions, memory, emotional regulation, motor aspects of speech

Question 42

Parietal lobe function?

Answer 42

Integrate sensory stimuli (e.g. vision and balance), major speech areas

Question 43

Temporal lobe function?

Answer 43

Receives sensory input from ears, smell, visual/word memory

Question 44

Limbic system?

Answer 44

Question 45

Answer 45

Question 46

Answer 46

Question 47

Pre and post central gyrus function?

Answer 47

Pre-central gyrus: motor cortex Post-central gyrus: sensory cotex