skull and cranial nerves

Question 1

Which cranial suture runs in the midline, between the paired parietal bones?

Answer 1

sagittal

Question 2

Foramen ovale is in which cranial fossa?

Answer 2

middle

Question 3

The pterygoid plates are part of which cranial bone?

Answer 3

sphenoid

Question 4

All of the following bones are part of the neurocranium EXCEPT…

temporal

parietal

frontal

nasal

ethmoid

Answer 4

nasal

Question 5

All of the following are features of the mandibular ramus EXCEPT…

mandibular condyle

coronoid process

mandibular notch

mental foramen

Answer 5

mental foramen

Question 6

All of the following structures exit the cranium via the jugular foramen EXCEPT…

hypoglossal nerve

accessory nerve

vagus nerve

glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 6

hypoglossal nerve

Question 7

The styloid process and the mastoid process are parts of which cranial bone?

ethmoid

temporal

maxillary

occipital

Answer 7

temporal

Question 8

The two bones that make up the zygomatic arch are the…

Answer 8

temporal and zygomatic

Question 9

All of the following pass through the superior orbital fissure EXCEPT…

trochlear nerve

occulomotor nerve

optic nerve

abducent nerve

ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (V1)

Answer 9

optic nerve

Question 10

The anterior part of the hard palate is made of up which cranial bone?

palatine

maxillary

vomer

sphenoid

Answer 10

maxillary

Question 11

The cribriform plate of the ethmoid is a route for which cranial nerve to exit the braincase?

Answer 11

olfactory

Question 12

All of the following bones are parts of the viscerocranium EXCEPT…

lacrimal

maxillary

occipital

zygomatic

Answer 12

opcciptial

Question 13

What is the part of the mandible that holds the lower teeth?

Answer 13

alveolar process

Question 14

What are the seven bones that make up the orbit?

Answer 14

frontal, zygomatic, maxillary, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and palatine

Question 15

What are the three foramina in the braincase used by the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 15

superior orbital fissure (V1), foramen rotundum (V2), and foramen ovale (V3).

Question 16

what is apart of the neurocranium?

Answer 16

temporal (2)
parietal (2)
frontal
occipital
ethmoid sphenoid

Question 17

the skull is comprised of?

Answer 17

cranium and mandible

Question 18

viscerocranium

Answer 18

associated with pharyngeal (visceral) arches and feeding system…face
- maxilla (2)
-inferior nasal concha (2)
-zygomatic (2)
-palatine (2)
-nasal (2)
- lacrimal (2)

Question 19

mandible body

Answer 19

the mental foramen is present on anterior aspect of the body. the superior aspect contains the avleolar process for the lower dentition (teeth)

Question 20

mandibular ramus has ?

Answer 20

coronoid and condylar processes

Question 21

the condylar process artiucaltes with?

Answer 21

the skull via the temporomandibular joint

Question 22

the condylar process has

Answer 22

an artiuclar head with a narrow neck

Question 23

The mandibular notch lies between the

Answer 23

condylar and the coronoid processes

Question 24

the inferior portion of the mandibular ramus is referred to as?

Answer 24

angle of the mandible

Question 25

what muscles attach to the coronoid process of mandible?

Answer 25

temporalis

Question 26

Answer 26

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

the facial nerve enters through internal auditory meatus and exits through?

Answer 36

Question 37

Answer 37

Question 38

Answer 38

Question 39

What does the anterior cranial fossa house? middle cranial foassae house? posterior cranial fossa house?

Answer 39

- frontal lobes - temporal lobes - cerebellum

Question 40

what is unique about the petrous ridge?

Answer 40

all orientation and balance structures are housed here (petrous = rock. seoncd most dense bone in the body after teeth. Imporatnt for sound absorptions.

Question 41

name the cranial nerves ## Footnote Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet AH

Answer 41

I olfactory II optic III oculomotor IV Trochlear V Trigeminal VI Abducens VII facial VIII vestibulocochler IX glossopharyngeal X vagus XI accessory XII hypogossal

Question 42

# What do cranial nerves do? - general motor (to skeletal muscle) somatic motor

Answer 42

III (oculomotor) IV (Trochlear) V (Trigeminal) VI (Abducens) VII (Facial) IX (gossopharyngeal) X (vagus) XI (accessory) XII (hypoglossal)

Question 43

# what do cranial nerves do? autonomic/visceral motor - preganglionic parasympathetic

Answer 43

III (oculomotor) VII (facial) IX (glossopharyngeal) X (vagus)

Question 44

# what do cranial nerves do? genreal sensory -touch -pain -temp -pressure

Answer 44

V (trigeminal) VII (facial) IX (glossopharyngeal) X (vagus)

Question 45

# What do cranial nerves do? special sensory: smell - (1) taste - (3) hearing - (1) balance - (1) sight (1)

Answer 45

smell: olfactory (CN I) tast: facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus hearing: vestibulocochlear (cn VIII) balance: vestibulococlear (CN VIII) sight: optic (CN II)

Question 46

# What do cranial nerves do? visceral sensation including - chemoreceptors - baroreceptors - stretch receptors in GI tract (up to midgut) ## Footnote hint only 2 cranial nerves

Answer 46

IX - glossopharyngeal X - vagus

Question 47

# cranial nerves parasympathetics in the head: two neuronpathway - postsynaptic cell bodies are located?

Answer 47

in distinct ganglia separate from target structures

Question 48

# cranial nerves parasympathetics in the head: postsynaptic fibers often travel with?

Answer 48

trigeminal (V) branches ## Footnote trigeminal nerve is the high way of the head

Question 49

# cranial nerves describe the pathway process of parasympathetics in the head

Answer 49

A presynaptic fiber exits the main nerve (red) to attain a ganglion to synapse. The postsynaptic fiber then joins a branch of the trigeminal which delivers the parasympathetic fiber to the target organ. Trigemnial does not contain parasympathetics – but it provides a means for parasympathetics to get to places in the body.

Question 50

# cranial nerves describe the trigeminal nerves role in paraysmpathetics?

Answer 50

Trigeminal does not contain parasympathetics – but it provides a means for parasympathetics to get to places in the body.

Question 51

# cranial nerves what are the cranial nerves with parasympathetics to the head?

Answer 51

III - oculomotor VII - facial IX -glossopharyngeal X -vagus

Question 52

What are the big 3 foramina you need to know

Answer 52

supraorbital foramen (notch) infraorbital foramen mental foramen

Question 53

describe the process of how parasympathetics synaspe and proceed in the head

Answer 53

Two neuron pathway Postsynaptic cell bodies are in distinct ganglia separate from target structures Postsynaptic fibers often travel with Trigeminal (V) branches (A presynaptic fiber exits the main nerve (red) to attain a ganglion to synapse. The postsynaptic fiber then joins a branch of the trigeminal which delivers the parasympathetic fiber to the target organ.

Question 54

# cranial nerves olfactory CN I: functions foramina pathway

Answer 54

**Function:** smell, area supplied olfactory mucosa in nasal cavity **Foramina:** small foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone **Pathway:** tiny fibers of the olfactory nerve are called filia olfactoria --> enter anterior cranial fossa throug holes in cribriform plate --->they bring the signal back to a swelling called the olfactory bulb (synapse here) ---> from there travel along the thin olfactory tracts back to the brain

Question 55

# cranial nerves cranial nerve II: optic Function: Foramina:

Answer 55

Function: vision - area supplied retina Foramina: optic canal, optic chiasm, optic tract

Question 56

# cranial nerves optic nerve: CN II pathway:

Answer 56

From the back of the eye, it travels in a bony channel at the back of the orbit called the **optic canal.** The optic nerves on either side cross at the optic chiasm, forming an X shape. Here, some of the fibers from the left eye cross to the right side of the brain while some of them stay on the left and end up on the left side of the brain (the same happens from the right eye). The pituitary gland hangs below the brain directly posterior to this crossing.

Question 57

# cranial nerves describe the depiction of the visual fields on the left and right. where do the field cross and end up?

Answer 57

The right eye has the right nasal field from the right hemisphere and the right temporal field from the left hemisphere. the left eye has the right nasal field from the left hemisphere and the left temproal field from the right hemisphere. the right and left peripheral (temporal) parts cross at the optic chiasm and end up in the opposite hemispheres of the brain

Question 58

Test yourself! What parts of the visual field remain intact if there is a lesion in the right optic nerve? How about if it’s in the right optic tract? 1. A lesion on cranial nerve 2 – lesion somewhere in the right optic nerve – middle ? 2. Lesion in right optic tract – bottom ? 3. Lesion right in the middle (pituitary tumor that cuts off chiasm)

Answer 58

- Right temporal and right nasal - lose green and yellow. Some deficit with right nasal and left temporal - lose all peripheral vision right and left temporal

Question 59

# cranial nerves what is the main nerve that controls the extraocular muscles?

Answer 59

oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Question 60

# cranial nerves CN III - oculomotor nerve Function: Foramina: Branches:

Answer 60

**Function:** general motor to 4 muscles that move the eye and 1 muscle that raises the upper eyelid - preganglionic parasympethic to smooth muscles of the eye (ciliary muscle, constrictor/sphincter pupillae) **Foramina: **enters the middle cranial fossa, then goes through an oblong gap called **superior orbital fissure** to get into the back of the orbit. **Branches:** splits into 2 branches, superior and inferior. the superior innervates the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. the inferior branch supplies the inferior rectus, inferior oblique adn medial rectus muscles.

Question 61

# cranial nerves what muscle adjusts the shape of the lens of the eye and the constrictorpupillae which decreases the size of the pupil?

Answer 61

ciliary muscles

Question 62

# cranial nerves oculomotor: CN III parasympathetics what division ofthe oculomotor are they found? where do they travel to? what muscles are they going to?

Answer 62

parasympathetics of the oculomotor are on the inferior divison. they run toward the front of the eye to reach the sphincter (constrictor) pupillae and teh cilary muscle. sooo....what are those muscles and what do they do?

Question 63

# cranial nerves T or F short ciliary n. are technically trigmenial nerve (CN V)?

Answer 63

True!

Question 64

# cranial nerves CN III: oculomotor parasympathetics talk about the ciliary muscles

Answer 64

forms a ring around the lens of the eye. the lens is flexible translucent structure that is held flat by zonular fibesr taht extend from itsperiphery like springs on trampoline. the ciliar ymuscles pull sideways on zonular fibers, slackening them and allowing the lens t obulge int a sphere. --> this is beterforclose up vision. the lens is a bag of jelly and the bag is tough enough to hold jelly in place . ciliary muscle = slacken zonular fibers = lens becomes more spherical shape

Question 65

# cranial nerves oculomotor CN III parasympethics talk about the constrictor pupillae

Answer 65

constrictor pupillae is a circular muscle of the iris (around the pupil). when it contracts, the pupls size is reduced --> restricting light to the retina

Question 66

# cranial nerves oculomotor CN III - parasympathetics the radial fibers of the iris are called dilator pupillae and are controlled by?

Answer 66

sympathetic fibers

Question 67

# cranial nerves oculomotor CN III: parasympethics where do the parasympathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerve synapse? where do the post synapticfibers travel?

Answer 67

synapse in the ciliary ganglion in the orbit postsynaptic fibers travel in the short ciliary nerves to the back of the eyeball.

Question 68

# cranial nerves CN IV - Trochlear nerve Functions: Foramina: Pathway:

Answer 68

Function: purely somatoc motor to one muscle that moves the eye. superior oblique muscle Foramina: superior orbital fissue (with occulomotor nerve) Pathway: two parts joined at a pully (trochlea)

Question 69

# cranial nerves abducens nerve- CN VI Function: Foramina: Pathway:

Answer 69

Function: general motor to one muscle --> lateral rectus muscle Foramina: superior orbital fissure (just like CN 3,4) Pathway: pathway straightto lateral rectus muscles which abducts the eye

Question 70

# cranial nerves vestibulocochlear nerve - CN VIII Fuctions: Foramina: Pathway:

Answer 70

Functions: - special sensory - hearing and balance - vestibular nerve (balance) - cochlear nerve (hearing) Foramina - enters cranium via the internal acoustic meatus (stays there) Pathways: - vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve join together within petrous temporal bone - pass through internal acoustin meatus - brainstem

Question 71

# cranial nerves Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX - functions ## Footnote CN IX is rather complex and has a little bit of everything in it

Answer 71

Functions: - general motor --> stylopharyngeus - visceral motor --> parotid gland via otic ganglion - general sensory --> posterior 1/3 tonuge, middle ear, oropharynx - special sensory --> taste posterior 1/3 of tongue - visceral sensory --> carotid body and sinus

Question 72

# cranial nerves glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) foramina ## Footnote CN IX is rather complex and has a little bit of everything in it

Answer 72

foramina: most exit the cranium via the jugular foramen a branch of it leaves via the foramen ovale

Question 73

# cranial nerves Glossopharyngeal CN IX pathway:

Answer 73

- medulla oblongata - jugular foramen (sensory ganglia) - branches --> pharygneal plexus (sensory), singus nerve, tympanic nerve - passes between superiro and middle pharygneal constrictor with stylopharygneus muscle - wall of palatine tonsil bed - posterior 1/3 of tongue (general and special sensory)

Question 74

# cranial nerves Glossopharyngeal CN IX branches:

Answer 74

pharyngeal plexus - general sensory to pharynx posterior to oral cavity Sinue Nerve - visceral afferent (carotid body, O2 levels) (carotid sinus, pressure) Tympanic nerve - postganglionic PS and genreal sensory fibers - middle ear branches into tympanic plexus gives rise to lesser petrosal nerve (preganglionic parasympathetics)

Question 75

# cranial nerves a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve actually re-enters the cranium after leaving the jugular foramen and forms a plexus in the middle ear cavity. Thisi sthe tymapnic plexus. one nerve coalesces anteriorly from this plexus. what is that nerve? where is it destined to go?

Answer 75

lesser petrosal nerve destined for parotid gland

Question 76

# cranial nerves pressure in the ear felt when flying is reaching the brain via what cranial nerve branch?

Answer 76

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) from the tympanic branch

Question 77

# Cranial nerves Glossopharygneal (CN IX) parasympathetics

Answer 77

- preganglionic parasympathetic innervation in CN IX - leave in tympanic nerve --> tympanic plexus --> lesser petrosal nerve - pass throug hforamen ovale and synapse in otic ganglion - post synaptic fibers joint auriculotemoral nerve to reach teh parotid gland

Question 78

# cranial nerves draw the glossopharyngeal schematic

Answer 78

Question 79

# cranial nerves vagus nerve (CN X) functions ## Footnote vagus nerve does a little bit of everything

Answer 79

General motor - larygneal muscles - pharyngeal muscles (minus stylopharygeus --which CN?) - palatal muscles (except tensor veli palatini) visceral motor - preganglionic parasympathetics to mucosal galnds of larynx, pharynx, smooth muscle and glands in the thorax, abdomen general sensory - external acoustic meatus and part of tympanic membrane larygneal mucosa special sensory - taste to epiglottis visceral sensory - thoracic and abdominal viscera

Question 80

# cranial nerves vagus nerve CN X foramina

Answer 80

leaves the cranuum via the jugular foramen

Question 81

# cranial nerves vagus nerve CN X pathway

Answer 81

- medulla oblongata - jugular foramen - branches to ear and pharygneal plexus - enters carotid sheath w/ internal jugular vein and common carotid artery - reaches base of neck/thorax - gives off recurrent larygneal nerves ## Footnote *continues down to diaphragm and abdomen from there

Question 82

# cranial nerves vagus CN X branches

Answer 82

- auricular branch - pharyngeal branches - superior larygneal nerve (internal, external branches) recurrent larygneal nerves (left aorta, right subclavian a. )

Question 83

# cranial nerves what nerve provides motor innervation for cricothyroid muscle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor?

Answer 83

vagus - external branch of the superior larygneal nerve

Question 84

# cranial nerves break down the branches of the superior larygneal nerve (branch off vagus)

Answer 84

break down: superior larygneal nerve - internal branch --> sensory to larygneal mucosa above vocal fold - external branch --> motor to cricothyroid muscle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Question 85

# cranial nerves break down the branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch off of vagus) where is it found? what motor innervation does it provide?

Answer 85

recurrent larygneal nerve - right side --> hooks around subclavian artery - left side --> hooks around aorta found in groove between esophagus and trachea motor innervation to intrinsic laryngeal muscles and sensory innervation to larynx below vocal folds

Question 86

# cranial nerves vagus nerve (CN C) parasympathetics

Answer 86

preganglionic paraysmpathetic innervations are in vagus nerve - ganglia in walls of organs (short postganglionics) - mucosa of larynx ## Footnote ** covered in other lecturs - just know that the synapse occurs in the walls of organs and aides in mucus

Question 87

# cranial nerves draw the vagus nerve schematic

Answer 87

Question 88

# cranial nerves accessory nerve (CN XI) functions: foramina: pathway: ## Footnote sometimes called spinal accessory nerve bc it emerges out of the spinal cord

Answer 88

function: general motor to SCM and trapezius foramina: foramen magnum as part of the spinal cord then re-enters the foramen magnum as a pair of nerves. then **leaves the cranium via the jugular foramen ** pathway: from jugular foramen travels down to innervate SCM, then** passes across the posterior triangle of the neck **to innervate trap

Question 89

# cranial nerves hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) functions

Answer 89

general motor to intrinsic tongue muscles - vertical fibers - horizontal fibers - superior longitudinal - inferior longitudinal motor to extrinsic tongue (except palatoglossus --innervated by?) - styloglossus - genioglossus -hyoglossus

Question 90

# cranial nerves the palatoglossus muscle is innervated by?

Answer 90

vagus nerve

Question 91

# cranial nerves hypoglossal CN XII foramina

Answer 91

runs from the brainstem and traveres the **hypoglossal canal** to exit the cranium just above the foramen magnum

Question 92

# cranial nerves hypoglossal (CN XII) pathway

Answer 92

- arise from brainstem between olive and pyramids of medulla oblongata - hypoglossal canal between internal jugular and internal carotid - lateral surface of hypoglossus - tongue muscles

Question 93

# cranial nerves hypoglossal (CN XII) in addition to its primary role in motor innervation to tongue muscles, the hypoglossal nerve coneys fibers from C1 to:

Answer 93

- ansa cervicalis (loop of nerves) - thyrohyoid m. - geniohyoid m. ## Footnote C1 is hitching a ride on the hypoglossal nerve

Question 94

# cranial nerves facial nerve (CN VII) functions | general motor, sensory, special sensory, parasympathetics ## Footnote this is a big mama!!

Answer 94

general motor: - muscles of facial expression -stapedius - stylohyoid - posterior belly of digastric preganglionic parasympathetics for: - lacrimal gland, palatal, nasal mucosa - submandibular and sublingual salivary glands general sensory - small region of external ear special sensory: TASTE - anterior 2/3 of tongue palate

Question 95

# cranial nerves facial nerve CN VII foramina

Answer 95

- **internal acoustic meatus** (with CN VIII) - gives off branch inside the petrous part of the temproal bone --> main trunk exits via **stylomastoid foramen** to innervate muscels of facial expression

Question 96

# canial nerves facial nerve (CN VII) pathway

Answer 96

facial nerve in facial canal - enters temporal bone via internal acoustic meatus rusn through facial canal - encounters geniculate ganglion (location of sensory cell bodies)

Question 97

# cranial nerves facial CN VII pathway - branches

Answer 97

inside facial canal: branches--> greater petrosal nerve, n. t otapedius, chorda tympani - exits through stylomastoid foramen - innervates stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric - enters partoid gland and gives off motor branches to face

Question 98

# cranial nerves facial nerve CN VII facial - branches Greater Petrosal Nerve talk through the pathway of this nerve branch

Answer 98

- contains preganglionic parasympathetics and special sensory fibers - facial n --> middle cranial fossa --> foramen lacerum (jointed by deep petrosal n. ) --> pterygoid canal --> pterygopalatien fossa --> pterygopalatine ganglion - synapse of parasympathetic fibers - postganglionic PS --> lacrimal gland, in V2 then V1 branches - postganglionic PS --> palatal and nasal mucosal glands, in V2 branches - taste fibers (no synapse) travel to palatal tast buds, in V2 branches

Question 99

# cranial nerves facial nerves - branches: in life what is the foramen lacerum filled with?

Answer 99

cartilage

Question 100

# cranial nerve facial nerve - branches the internal carotid artery passes right above what nerve?

Answer 100

greater petrosal nerve

Question 101

# cranial nerves the sympathetics in the head are travelling on?

Answer 101

arteries

Question 102

# cranial nerves facial nerve - branches what nerve emerges from the internal carotid artery to joint the greater petrosal nerve?

Answer 102

deep petrosal nerve

Question 103

# cranial nerves facial nerve - branches chorda tympani joints what nerve?

Answer 103

lingual nerve (branch of V3)

Question 104

# cranial nerves facial nerve - branches chorda tympani preganglionics pathway postganglonics

Answer 104

- taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue - preganglionic PS sto sublandibular ganglion, innervate submandibular andd sublingual salivary glands - facial canal -> middle ear cavity -> petrotympanic fissure -> infratemporal fossa -> lingual nerve -> submandibular ganglion (synapse) - postganglionic fibers go to sublingual and submandiublar salivary glands

Question 105

# cranial nerves facial nerve branches once the facial nerve travels by posterior auricular branch and hits the parotid gland it will branch out into 5 nerves, namely: ## Footnote To Zanzibar By Motor Car

Answer 105

Question 106

# cranial nerves Talk about bells palsy (facial palsy)

Answer 106

- damage to facial nerve facial weakness/drooping - lower eyelid everted tears psill down face - weak articulation of m/b/p sounds - may have sensitivity to loud sounsd - may lose tear production on affected side if it occurs more proximally on the facial nerve (inside facial canal) there can be additional symptoms

Question 107

# cranial nerves facial nerve parasympathetics distributred in VII two main routes

Answer 107

greater petrosal nerve - preganglionic fibers synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion (postsynpatic fibers travel to the lacrimal gland and palatal and nasal mucosa) chorda tympani - preganglionic fibers synapse in the submandibular ganglion (postsynapticfibers travel to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands)

Question 108

# cranial nerves facial nerve what ganglion is the location of snesory cell bodies

Answer 108

geniculate ganglion

Question 109

# cranial nerves draw the facial schematic

Answer 109

Question 110

# cranial nerves draw second half of facial nerve schematic

Answer 110

Question 111

# cranial nerves answer this questions in the picture

Question 112

# cranial nerves nerve: III branch for preganglionic pathway: ganglion for synapse: target structures: branches of trigeminal carrying postganglionic fibers:

Answer 112

- parasympathetic root to the ciliary ganglion - cilary (in orbit) - smooth muscles in iris and ciliary body - short ciliary nerves (V1)

Question 113

# cranial nerves nerve: VII branch for preganglionic pathway: ganglion for synapse: target structures: branches of trigeminal carrying postganglionic fibers:

Answer 113

- greater petrosalnerve/nerve of the pterygoid canal, chorda tympani - pterygopalatine, submandibular - nasal and palatal muscosa and lacrimal gland, salivary galnds in the floor of mouth - palatine and nasal nerves (V2), zygomatic n (V2)-> lacrimal nerve (v1), lingual n. (V3)

Question 114

# cranial nerves nerve: IX branch for preganglionic pathway: ganglion for synapse: target structures: branches of trigeminal carrying postganglionic fibers:

Answer 114

- tympanic n/lesser petrosal n. - otic ganglion - parotid salivary gland - auriculotemoral n. (v3)

Question 115

# cranial nerves trigeminal: Functions- general sensory general motor visceral motor ## Footnote remember entirely somatic in its function - both sensory and motor

Answer 115

General sensory: - face - nasal and oral cavities - air sinues - eyeball and orbit - external ear (part) general motor: - muscles of mastication - mylohyoid - anterior belly of digastric - tensor tympani - tensor veli palatini visceral motor: - NO paraysympathetics leave the brain in V - ALL parasympathetics in the head have postganglionic pathways involving V

Question 116

# cranial nerves Trigeminal: pathway

Answer 116

- beings on lateral surface of poins - pierces dura in middle cranial fossa - semilunar ganglion (trigeminal ganglion)--> location of sensory cell bodies - divides into 3 divisions 1. ophthalmic V1- sensory 2. maxillary V2- sensory 3. mandibular V3 - sensory and motor

Question 117

# cranial nerves trigeminal nerves

Answer 117

Question 118

# cranial nerves trigeminal nerve - ophthalmic division V1 - functions: foramina: pathway:

Answer 118

general sensory: - dura - forehead/anterior scalp - medial part of nose - mucosa of air sinuses and anterior nasal cavity - eyeball and orbit foramina: - superior orbital fissure and supraorbital notch pathway: - sends off small recurrent branch to dura - passes anteriorly through **cavernous sinus** - uses **superior orbital fissure** to enter orbit - three main branches 1. frontal 2. nasociliary 3. lacrimal

Question 119

# cranial nerves ophthalmic division V1 - branches frontal nerve: two branches? sensory to?

Answer 119

two branches - supraorbital - supratrochlear sensory to: - skin of forehead - upper eyelid - skin of nose - mucosa of frontal sinus

Question 120

# cranial nerves ophthalmic division V1 - branches nasociliary nerve: sensory to?

Answer 120

- eye - conjunctiva - ethmoid air cells - dura - skin and mucosa of nose

Question 121

# cranial nerves ophthalmic division V1 - branches lacrimal nerve sensory to ? also gives a ride to postsynaptic parasympathetics of what nerve?

Answer 121

sensory to: - skin of lateral eyelid - conjunctiva - lacrimla gland area postganglionic parasympathetics to lacrimal gland - facial nerve runs the lacrimal nerve before it hitches a ride on the trigeminal

Question 122

# cranial nerves what are the parasympatheticsd that join V1?

Answer 122

from ciliary ganglion (CN III) - ciliary ganglion -> - short ciliary nerves (V1) -> - eye from pterygopalatine ganglion (CN VII) - synapses at pterygopalatine ganglion -> - zygomatic nerve (V2) to reach orbit -> - lacrimal nerve (V1) -> - lacrimal gland

Question 123

# cranial nerves maxillary division V2 functions:

Answer 123

general sensory: - dura - skin of midface - nasal and palatal mucosa - upper teeth

Question 124

# cranial nerves maxillary division V2 foramina/spaces:

Answer 124

- foramen rotundum to exit the braincase - some branches emerge into infratemporal fossa via the pterygopalatine fossa - some branches use infraorbital foramen to get onto the face - sphenoplaatine foramen to enter nasal cavity - incisive canal and palatine foramina to get int ooral cavity (palate) -

Question 125

# cranial nerves maxillary division V2 - pathway

Answer 125

- from semilunar ganglion, uses foramen rotundum to enter pterygopalatine fossa - encounter pterygopalatine ganglion - branches - passes throug hinferior orbital fissue and into the infraorbital canal

Question 126

# cranial nerves maxillary division V2 -pathway what are the 5 branches?

Answer 126

- greater and lesser palatine nerves - nasopalatine nerve and other nasal branches - post. superior alveolar nerve - zygomatic n. - pharyngeal n.

Question 127

# cranial nerves maxillary division V2 -pathway passes through inferior orbital fissure and into infraorbital canal

Answer 127

- ant. and mid. sup. alveolar nerves - emerges through infra orbital foramen as infraorbital nerve

Question 128

# cranial nerves maxillary division V2 - branches

Answer 128

sensory to mucosa of nose and palate - also convey postganglionic parasympathetics from facial nerve and hitches a ride of V2 Branch - nasopalatine nerve - greater and lesser palatine nerves infraorbital nerve - sensory to midface - gives off anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves while in the infraorbital canal

Question 129

# cranial nerves parasympathetics distributed by V2

Answer 129

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion joint branches of V2 - from lacrimal gland, reach the orbit via the zygomatic nerve the njoin lacrimal nerve V1 - for nasal and palatal mucosal glands they distribute with branches of V2 going to those areas

Question 130

# cranial nerves mandibular division V2 -functions general sensory: general motor:

Answer 130

general sensory: - dura - lower teeth - anterior 2/3 of tongue - chin and sides of face, part of external ear - mucosa of cheek general motor: - muscles of mastication - mylohyoid - anterior belly of digastric - temsor tympani - tensor veli palatini

Question 131

# cranial nerves mandibular division V2 - foramina

Answer 131

foramen ovale

Question 132

# cranial nerves mandibular division V2 - foramina after exiting the braincase

Answer 132

V3 is in the intratemporal fossa which is between the pterygoid plate/upper teeth and teh medial side of the madnible/lower teeth. part of V3 enters a canal in the mandible (to innervate the lower teeth) and a branch of it exits onto the face via the mental foramen .

Question 133

# cranial nerves mandibular division V3 - pathway

Answer 133

- from semilunar ganglion, uses foramen ovale to enter infratemporal fossa branches - lingual nerve - auriculotemporal nerve - inferior alveolar nerve --> mental nerve muscular branches - temporal - pterygoid - masseteric

Question 134

# cranial nerves the main branches of mandibular divsion V3 innervate?

Answer 134

chewing muscles

Question 135

# cranial nerves a branch of which cranial nerve hitches a ride on the auriculotemporal nerve and is the parasympethic pathway to saliva from parotid gland?

Answer 135

glossopharygneal nerve

Question 136

# cranial nerves mandibular division V3 - branches auriculotemporal nerve

Answer 136

sensory to sides of face, part of ear carries postganglionic fibers from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland

Question 137

# cranial nerves mandibular division V3 -branches lingual nerve

Answer 137

- sensory (taste) to anterior 2/3 of tongue - jointed by chorda tympani from VII with preganglionic paraysmpethtics and special sensory (taste) fibers

Question 138

# cranial nerves where does the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands synapse?

Answer 138

in the submandibular ganglion

Question 139

# cranial nerves mandibular division V3 - branches inferior alveolar nerve

Answer 139

- sensory to lower teeth - emerges on face as mental nerve to skin of lower lip and chin - nerve to mylohyoid runs next to inferior alveolar nerve and innervates anterior belly of digastric - enters mandibular foramen exits mental foramen as mental nerve.

Question 140

# cranial nerves mandibular division V3 - branches motor branches to?

Answer 140

- muscles of mastication - temporalis - masseter - lateral pterygoid - medial pterygoid other muscles also innervated by V3: - tensor tympani - tensor veli palatini - mylohyoid - anterior belly of digastric

Question 141

# cranial nerves parasympathetics distributed by V3

Answer 141

- postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the submandibular ganglion rejion lingual nerve for the submandibular and sublingual salivary galnd (preganglionic in VII) - postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion join auriculotemporal nerve for the parotid galnd (preganglionic in IX)