Skull, Face, and Parotid

Question 1

5 layers of scalp

Answer 1

skin
connective tissue
galea aponeurotica
loose areolar tissue
pericranium

Question 2

laceration of fat

Answer 2

dense connective tissue holds wound open

• allows it to keep bleeding
• also very robust blood supply

Question 3

galea aponeurotica

Answer 3

tendon of muscle of facial expression

Question 4

plane of cleaveage

Answer 4

loose connective tissue

-spread of infection to face

Question 5

pericranium

Answer 5

periosteum of skull

Question 6

innervation of scalp

Answer 6

posteior - cervical plexus and dorsal rami

anterior - trigeminal

Question 7

auriculotemporal branch

Answer 7

of V3 - bulk of temporal region

Question 8

zygomaticotemporal branch

Answer 8

of V2 - anteiror temporal

Question 9

supraorbital branch

Answer 9

of V1- forehead

Question 10

supratrochlear branch

Answer 10

of V1 forehead

Question 11

occipital artery

Answer 11

branch of external carotid

-posterior scalp

Question 12

posterior auricular artery

Answer 12

branch of external carotid

-posterior to ear

Question 13

superficial temporal artery

Answer 13

branch of external carotid

-anterior to ear

Question 14

branches from internal carotid

Answer 14

supraorbital a
supratrochlear a

to forehead

Question 15

scalp highly vascularized

Answer 15

to layer 2**
dense CT
-limited constriction
-with anastomoses - no single vessel to compress and stop bleeding

Question 16

venous drainage of scalp

Answer 16

vena comitantes of arteries

to cavernous plexus

Question 17

emissary veins

Answer 17

drain through bones of skull to dural venous sinuses

may spread infection from scalp to intracrainal cavity

Question 18

scalp infection

Answer 18

can spread easily in layer 4 of scalp - loose CT

• to eyelids and dorsum of nose
• lead to ecchymosis

Question 19

ecchymosis

Answer 19

extravasation of blood under skin
-infection to loose CT of scalp that spread
-gets to be around eyelids
-

Question 20

muscles of face

Answer 20

can express emotion

all superficial - move skin and fascias of face

Question 21

derivatives of face muscles

Answer 21

pharyngeal arch 2

• innervated by CN VII SVE
• facial nerve

Question 22

orbicularis oculi

Answer 22

ORBITAL surrounds orbit - closes eye forcefully
PALEBRAL in eyelid - gentle eye closure
LACRIMAL medial corner of eye - lacrimal drainage

Question 23

forceful closure of eye

Answer 23

orbital portion of orbicularis oculi

Question 24

gentle eye closure

Answer 24

palebral portion of obricularis oculi

Question 25

lacrimal drainage

Answer 25

lacrimal portion of orbicularis oculi

Question 26

corrugator supercilli

Answer 26

draws eyebrows down and in | -worried look

Question 27

occipitofrontalis

Answer 27

frontal belly - elevate eyebrow, wrinkle skin forehead occipital belly - retract scalp, surprised expression

Question 28

worried look

Answer 28

corrugator supercilli

Question 29

surprised look

Answer 29

occipital belly of occipitofrontalis

Question 30

bellies of occipitofrontalis

Answer 30

frontal and occipital attached by epicranial aponeurosis

Question 31

muscles so food doesnt leave mouth

Answer 31

buccinator

Question 32

smile muscle

Answer 32

zygomaticus major | and zygomaticus minor

Question 33

frown muscle

Answer 33

depressor anguli oris

Question 34

frown and pout muscle

Answer 34

depressor labii inferioris

Question 35

flare nostril muscle

Answer 35

nasalis | levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Question 36

closes lips mouth muscle

Answer 36

orbicularis oris

Question 37

wide smile

Answer 37

risorius

Question 38

protrudes lower lip

Answer 38

mentalis

Question 39

disliking wrinkled nose

Answer 39

procerus

Question 40

depress mandible

Answer 40

platysma and tenses skin of lower face and neck

Question 41

elevate upper lip

Answer 41

``` levator labii superioris levator angular oris zygomaticus major zygomaticus minor levator labii superioris alaeque nasi ```

Question 42

depresses upper lip

Answer 42

depressor anguli oris | depressor labii inferioris

Question 43

innervation to facial expression muscles

Answer 43

SVE of facial nerve VII

Question 44

course of facial nerve

Answer 44

- exits brainstem - enters internal acoustic meatus - lateral between cochlea and semicircular canals - bends at genu to course posterior wall middle ear - exits facial canal via stylomastoid foramen

Question 45

nerve to occipitofrontalis occipital belly

Answer 45

posterior auricular nerve

Question 46

branches of facial nerve

Answer 46

``` posterior auricular nerve digastric nerve stylohyoid nerve temporofacial trunk cervicofacial trunk ```

Question 47

temporofacial trunk

Answer 47

temporal branches zygomatic branches buccal branches

Question 48

cervicofacial trunk

Answer 48

buccal branches marginal mandibular branches cervical branches

Question 49

facial paralysis

Answer 49

aka bells palsy idiopathic, linked to herpes, trauma, otitis media paralysis of muscles of facial expression facial asymmetry and drooping impaired speech

Question 50

drainage of tears and ulceration of eye?

Answer 50

drooping of lower eyelid | -bells palsy

Question 51

accumulation of food in vestibule?

Answer 51

bells palsy | -loss of buccinator muscle

Question 52

dribbling of saliva from mouth

Answer 52

bells palsy | -loss of orbicularis oris