Sleep

Question 1

Define alpha waves

Answer 1

the typical brainwave pattern (reasonably
high frequency (but not as high as beta
waves) and low amplitude (but slightly
higher than beta waves)) that occurs
when awake but very relaxed

Question 2

Define amplitude

Answer 2

in relation to brain waves, the
intensity of brain waves as shown by the size of
the peaks and troughs of the brain wave pattern
from a baseline of zero activity

Question 3

Define beta waves

Answer 3

typical brainwave pattern (high frequency
(fast) and low amplitude (small))
during normal waking consciousness,
associated with being alert, active,
anxious and paying (selective) attention.

Question 4

Define deep sleep/ slow wave sleep

Answer 4

collectively stage 3 and stage 4 NREM

sleep

Question 5

Define delta waves

Answer 5

the typical brainwave pattern (a steady
pattern of low frequency (slow) and high
amplitude (large)) associated with NREM
deep sleep.

Question 6

Define frequency

Answer 6

in relation to brain waves, the number

of brain waves per second

Question 7

Define hypnogogic (hypnic) jerks

Answer 7

a body spasm that may occur during

NREM stage 1 sleep

Question 8

Define hypnogogic state

Answer 8

the relaxed state that occurs during the
transition from being awake to being
asleep, often considered to be part of
Stage 1 sleep.

Question 9

Define K- complex

Answer 9

a burst of low-frequency and slightly
higher amplitude waves in response to arousing
stimuli during NREM stage 2 sleep

Question 10

Define non- rapid eye movement sleep

Answer 10

one of two phases of sleep, characterised
by little or none rapid eye movement, and
often divided into four stages of NREM
sleep that are determined predominately
by predominant brain wave patterns.

Question 11

Define rapid-eye movement sleep

Answer 11

one of two phases (REM and NREM) of sleep, characterised by rapid eye
movement, during which the eyeballs rapidly move beneath closed eyelids; constitutes about 20% of our sleep and is the period in which most dreaming occurs

Question 12

Define sleep spindle

Answer 12

a brief burst of higher frequency

brain wave activity during NREM stage 2 sleep

Question 13

Define somnambulism

Answer 13

sleep walking

Question 14

Define theta waves

Answer 14

The typical brainwave pattern (medium
frequency and mixed amplitude (some
high, some low)) during the early
stages of sleep.

Question 15

What are the physiological changes observed in NREM Stage 1?

Answer 15

• Eyes roll slowly
• Muscles relax
• Heart and breathing rate decreases
• Decreased body temperature and respiration

Question 16

What are the physiological changes observed in NREM Stage 2?

Answer 16

• Eyes stop rolling
• Muscles become further relaxed
• Heart and breathing rate begins to decrease
• Blood pressure and respiration rate falls

Question 17

What are the physiological changes observed in NREM Stage 3?

Answer 17

• Eyes do not move
• Muscles relaxed
• Heart and breathing rate becomes slower and more regular

Question 18

What are the physiological changes observed in NREM Stage 4?

Answer 18

• No eye movement
• Little muscle activity
• Heart and breathing rate at their slowest and most regular
• Low respiration

Question 19

Duration of NREM 1?

Answer 19

Ranges from 30 seconds to 10 minutes

- Typically lasts around 5 minutes

Question 20

Duration of NREM 2?

Answer 20

Around 20 minutes

- Accounts for 50% of our sleep

Question 21

Duration of NREM 3?

Answer 21

Takes place 20-50% of the time

Question 22

Duration of NREM 4?

Answer 22

Around 30 minutes

Question 23

Duration of REM?

Answer 23

First cycle is around 10 minutes, last cycle may occur for around 60 minutes

Question 24

Why is dreaming called paradoxical sleep?

Answer 24

During dreaming, there are beta- like brain waves which are similar to the brainwaves when you are alert.

Question 25

What are the physiological changes observed in REM?

Answer 25

Repetitive bursts of rapid eye movement

- Heart rate, blood pressure, respiration increase and fluctuate

Question 26

What brainwaves are observed during NREM 1?

Answer 26

Alpha waves beginning to be replaced by theta waves

Question 27

What brainwaves are observed during NREM 2?

Answer 27

Spindes, K- complexes, theta waves

Question 28

What brainwaves are observed during NREM 3?

Answer 28

20-50% delta waves, rest are theta waves

Question 29

What brainwaves are observed during NREM 4?

Answer 29

> 50% delta waves

Question 30

What brainwaves are observed during REM?

Answer 30

fast beta-like waves (irregular, faster, smaller brain waves)

Question 31

Define REM rebound

Answer 31

following a period of lost REM sleep, spending more time than usual in REM sleep when next asleep

Question 32

Define microsleep

Answer 32

a very short period of drowsiness or
sleeping that occurs while a person appears to
be awake

Question 33

Define electrocardiograph (ECG or EKG)

Answer 33

a device that detects, amplifies and records the electrical

activity generated by the heart

Question 34

Define electroencephalograph (EEG)

Answer 34

a device that detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of the brain

Question 35

Define electromyograph (EMG)

Answer 35

a device that detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of
muscles

Question 36

Define electro-oculargraph (EOG)

Answer 36

a device that measures eye movements or eye positions by detecting, amplifying and recording electrical
activity in eye muscles that control eye movements

Question 37

Define sleep spindle

Answer 37

a brief burst of higher frequency brain wave activity during NREM stage 2 sleep