Sleep Flashcards
(25 cards)
Alpha waves are associated with which stages of sleep?
Associated with state of relaxed wakefullness when adult has eyes closed.
If eyes open, will change to a Beta rhythm.
Which brain areas are alpha waves generated by?
Occipital and parietal areas.
These waves are also sometimes called desynchronized EEG
Beta waves.
Where in the brain are beta waves made?
Frontal brain but can be found in other areas during intense activity.
Which two waves are associated with sleep?
Theta and Delta waves.
Which waves correspond to stage 1 of sleep?
This is the transition from being awake to being asleep.
Theta waves are dominant here.
Which two structures are associated with the light sleep stage 2?
K complexes and sleep spindles.
What waves are seen in stage three sleep?
Moderately deep sleep with the appearance of delta waves.
Which waves are most prominent in the deep sleep stage 4?
Delta waves are present here in more than 50% of the instances.
Which stages of sleep are known as the non-REM stages of sleep?
Stages 1-4
Stages 3 and 4 are sometimes grouped together as the slow wave sleep or deep sleep.
Non-Rem sleep can be generally described with what traits?
Brain uses less oxygen.
Decreased body temp and metabolic rate.
Decreased heart rate and bp
Decreased resp rate
Muscles relax but postural changes still occur every 20 minutes or so.
GH released mostly within the first half of sleep!
Spikes in which brain areas are associated with eye movements in REM sleep?
So called PGO spikess (Pontine-geniculate-occipital) bursts occur causing these.
Cholinergic neurons are part of what system?
When do they fire?
These are part of the reticular activating system.
These fire greatly during REM sleep and are quiet during non REM sleep.
The locus coeruleus involved in sleep/wake cycles releases what?
Releases norepinephrine.
The pontine raphe neuron releases what transmitter?
Serotonin
The locus coeruleus and the pontine raphe are active during…?
Not active during REM sleep but are involved during wakefulness!
Which nucleus of the hypothalamus can the histaminergic neruons be found?
Found within the tuberomammillary nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus.
How do antihistamine drugs cause drowsiness?
they block the histaminergic neurons in the posterior hypothalamus tubermammilary nucleus.
What role does Orexin have from the lateral hypothalamus?
Orexin excites monoaminergic neruons in the coreoulus and raphe promoting wakefullness. via excitation of the hostamine neurons in the tuberousmammilary nucleus.
What is somnambulism?
Sleep walking
Whats the difference between nightmares and night terrors?
Nightmares occur during REM sleep.
Night terrors occur during non-REM sleep.
What is REM sleep behavior disorder?
REM sleep without atonia or hypotonia.
Contrast hypnagogic hallucinations from hypnopompic?
Hypnagogic occur when going to sleep.
Hypnopompic hallucinations occur when waking from sleep.
Grand mal epilepsy AKA tonic-clonic seizures are mostly characterized by?
Pt losing conciousness.
tonic period of muscle tone followed by jerky movements.
followed by confusion following the seizure asting 5-30 minutes.
