Sleep Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the two types of sleep?
REM and nonREM
What sleep is the most important type of sleep?
nonREM - allows brain recovery
What sleep happens at the start of the night?
non REM
What sleep happens at the end of the night?
REM
What happens during non REM sleep?
synchronised, rhythmic EEG activity
partial muscle relaxation
reduced cerebral blood flow
non narritive dreaming
What happens during REM sleep?
EEG shows fast activity
MRI shows increased brain activity
loss of muscle tone - except diaphragm and extraocular muscles
narritive dreaming - you’re part of the story
increased cerebral blood flow
impaired thermal regulation
What type of sleep do tricyclic drugs surpress?
REM sleep
What are the 3 things that trigger sleep onset?
homeostatic response - body is tired
circadian rhythm - body clock
emotional response - brain needs to swich off fully for deep sleep
What happens to elderly peoples sleep pattern?
reduced REM latency
reduced total sleep time
increased daytime sleepiness - napping
advanced sleep pattern
What percentage of REM sleeps do neonates and adolesents have?
neonates - 50%
adolescents - 25%
What dictates the circandian rhythm?
in the eyes there is a cell - not a cone or a rod cell - that is very sensitive to a particular frequency of low level light - this resets the body clock
What is the role of nonREM sleep?
protein synthesis
cell division
growth
What is the role of REM sleep?
consolidate memory
maintain immunocompetence
possibly deletes unecessary memory files
What area of the brain does sleep deprivation affect the most?
pre frontal area
How does sleep deprivation present?
visual illusions irritability suspiciousness micro sleeps concentration lapses
How do nonREM parasomnia present?
non dreaming confusional arousal sleep walking sleep paralysis Bruxism restless legs PLMS
How do REM parasomnia present?
proceeds Parkinson’s
acting out dreams
usually latter 1/3rd of the night
body isnt fully relaxed
What type of parasomnia will every Parkinson patient have?
REM parasomnia
What are the two peak age of onsets for Narcolepsy?
15 and 36
How does Narcolepsy present?
involuntary daytime sleepiness
cataplexy - collapse with any sense of emotion
hypnagogic hallucinations occur at sleep onset
sleep paralysis - retain conciousness but cannot move
REM behaviour disorder
How is Narcolepsy mainly investigated?
multiple sleep latency test - 4 x 25 min naps about 2 hours apart
EEG, muscle activity and eye movement recorded
measures start time of the nap to the first signs of sleep
What else can you do to investigate narcolepsy?
overnight polysonography
lumbar puncture - low CSF hypocretin levels
