sleep apnoea in children Flashcards Preview

1ST YEAR SYSTEMS: Respiratory > sleep apnoea in children > Flashcards

Flashcards in sleep apnoea in children Deck (17)
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1
Q

when do infants start to have a more regular respiratory pattern

A

after 36 weeks

2
Q

describe an infant’s sleep pattern in the first 6 months

A

spend 14-15 hours asleep
2 longer sleep periods at night
1-2 daytime naps

3
Q

describe an infant’s sleep pattern in their 2nd year of life

A

12 hours asleep

1 daytime nap

4
Q

what gold standard test is used to assess sleep pattern?

A

polysomnography

5
Q

describe what is involved in a polysomnography study (5)

A
O2 saturation (pulse oximetry)
ECG
EMG - electromyography - nerve and muscle cell function
Abdominal wall movement
oronasal flow
6
Q

what is considered ‘abnormal’ sleep behaviour in a 1 year old?

A

if they sleep 8 hours at night and don’t nap throughout the day

7
Q

what are some normal childhood sleep behaviours

A

sleep walking
sleep terrors
hypnic jerks

8
Q

obstructive sleep apnoea in children

A

most common in pre- school children
can cause failure to thrive, neurocognitive defects/adhd, systemic hypertension or cor pulmonale - enlargement of the right side of the heart

9
Q

treatment for sleep apnoea in children

A

Adenotonsillectomy
(CPAP)
Weight loss
Avoid environmental tobacco smoke

10
Q

respiratory disorders in children

A

Chronic neonatal lung disease - hypoxaemia in REM sleep (similar COPD)

Cystic fibrosis
FEV1 30-60%

Asthma

11
Q

neurological disorders related to sleep apnoea in children

A

cerebral palsy
down syndrome
prader-willi syndrome- excessive daytime sleepiness
duchenne’s MD - neuromuscular disease- death due to respiratory failure

12
Q

Newborns sleep pattern?

A

16-18 hours asleep
sleep-wake states alternate in 3-4 hour cycles
then start to adapt to light-dark/social cues

13
Q

what is REM rapid eye movement?

A

as you fall asleep you cycle between REM and non-REM sleep.

During REM sleep, your eyes move quickly in different directions

Dreams typically happen during REM sleep

14
Q

which age group of children have highly efficient sleep?

A

prepubertal

15
Q

other than polysomnography what other methods of sleep assessment are there for children? (4)

A

Direct behavioural observation
Time-lapse video
Movement sensors in cot mattress
Oxygen/CO2 monitoring

16
Q

what normal phenomena are there in children?

A

sleep walking
sleep terrors
hypnic jerks

17
Q

primary snoring?

A

snoring without apnea, hypoventilation, hypoxia, hypercarbia, daytime symptoms

10% prevalence