Sleep & Drugs (Unit 2 Pt 2)

Question 1

Circadian rhythm

Answer 1

Our biological clock

Question 2

REM sleep

Answer 2

AKA paradoxical sleep, vivid dreams commonly occur but you are essentially paralyzed

Question 3

Alpha waves

Answer 3

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed but awake state

Question 4

NREM sleep

Answer 4

Encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep

Question 5

Hallucinations happen in what sleep stage

Answer 5

NREM-1

Question 6

Hypnagogic sensations

Answer 6

A jerking or feeling of falling or floating while transitioning to sleep

Question 7

Delta waves

Answer 7

The large slow brain waves associated with deep sleep (NREM-3)

Question 8

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 8

(SCN) a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm.

Question 9

Insomnia

Answer 9

Recurring problems In falling or staying asleep

Question 10

Narcolepsy

Answer 10

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks

Question 11

Sleep apnea

Answer 11

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep

Question 12

Night terrors

Answer 12

Occurs during NREM-3 sleep, high arousal and an appearance of being terrified

Question 13

Manifest content

Answer 13

The storyline of a dream

Question 14

Latent content

Answer 14

The underlying meaning of a dream

Question 15

Sleep theories

Answer 15

Freuds wish fulfillment
Info-processing
Physiological function
Activation synthesis
Cognitive development

Question 16

REM rebound

Answer 16

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

Question 17

Freuds wish fulfillment theory

Answer 17

Dreams preserve sleep and provide a “psychic safety value”

Question 18

Information processing dream theory

Answer 18

Dreams held us sort out the days events and consolidate memories

Question 19

Inattentional blindness

Answer 19

The inability to see an object or person in our midst, due to our attention being directed elsewhere

Question 20

Change blindness

Answer 20

When something changes and we don’t notice

Question 21

Physiological function dream theory

Answer 21

Stimulation from REM sleep may help us preserve and develop neural pathways

Question 22

Activation-synthesis dream theory

Answer 22

REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, that our brain weaves into dreams/stories

Question 23

Cognitive development dream theory

Answer 23

A dreams content reflects dreamers levels of cognitive development

Question 24

Psychoactive drugs

Answer 24

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

Question 25

Substance use disorder

Answer 25

A disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption or physical risk

Question 26

Tolerence

Answer 26

Brain chemistry adapts to offset the effects of drugs, which increases the dose of the drugs to get the effect

Question 27

Withdrawal

Answer 27

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing and addictive drug or behavior

Question 28

Depressants

Answer 28

Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Question 29

Alcohol disruptions

Answer 29

Slowed neural processes Memory Reduced self awareness

Question 30

Barbiturates

Answer 30

AKA tranquilizers Drugs that depress CNS activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

Question 31

Opiates

Answer 31

Opium and its derivatives (such as morphine and heroin) depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

Question 32

Stimulants

Answer 32

Drugs ( such as caffeine, nicotine,cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamines, and MDMA) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Question 33

Nicotine

Answer 33

A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco.

Question 34

Physiological effects of nicotine

Answer 34

Arouses brain to a more alert state Increases heart rate and blood pressure Relaxes muscles and triggers relaxing neurotransmitters Reduces circulation to extremities Suppress appetite for carbs

Question 35

Cocaine

Answer 35

A powerful and addictive stimulant that produces temporarily increased alertness and euphoria

Question 36

What neurotransmitters does cocaine block the uptake of?

Answer 36

Dopamine, serotonin, and norapinephrine

Question 37

Amphetamines

Answer 37

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, cause accelerated body functions and energy and mood changes

Question 38

Methamphetamines

Answer 38

Stimulates CNS, triggers dopamine release, over time appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

Question 39

Ecstasy (MDMA)

Answer 39

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and d social intimacies, but with short-term health issues, and long-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons, mood and cognition

Question 40

Hallucinogens

Answer 40

Psychedelic drugs such as LSD that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

Question 41

LSD

Answer 41

A powerful hallucinogenic drug, also known as acid

Question 42

Marijuana (THC)

Answer 42

Triggers a variety of effects such as hallucinations, euphoric high, and impaired movement

Question 43

Why does marijuana work in smaller doses?

Answer 43

It stays in your system for a long time, so the more you use the less you need to get the desired effect because it is already in your system