Sleep-Wake Disorders Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is a polysomnography?
EEG, EOG, and EMG along with several other measurements such as snore, nasal pressure, oximetry, EKG etc etc.
What is a multiple sleep latency test?
Standardized test to evaluate the degree of daytime sleepiness, with four or five PSG studies during a day
What is actigraphy?
Measurement of rest/activity patterns throughout body movements, which are strongly correlated with sleep-wake states
What is narcolepsy?
Episodes of extreme daytime sleepiness. Also presents with cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations
What is the difference between narcolepsy type 1 and 2?
Type 1 is characterized by cataplexy or by lower CSF hypocretin-1. Type 2 has no cataplexy or low CSF hypocretin-1
What are 2 key PSG findings in narcolepsy patients?
Short sleep latency on PSG/MSLT and sleep onset REM
What is a key pathophysiology of narcolepsy?
Is due to reduction in hypocretin producing neurons and gliosis in the lateral hypothalamus; may be an autoimmune role (if you knock out the wake promoting system, you get sleep attacks)
What are treatments for narcolepsy (the sleepiness)?
Sodium oxybate treats both sleepiness and cataplexy, but also stimulants can be used such as methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, modafinil etc)
What is Kleine-Levin syndrome?
Recurrent hypersomnia with hyperphagia and hypersexual personality changes, sleep for 18-20 hours a day.
What is obstructive sleep apnea?
Sleep disruption related to repeated airway closures during sleep
What is the difference between obstructive sleep apnea and central apneas?
Obstructive apnea has evidence of continued efforts to breath during apneic spell. Central apneas have no apparent breathing effort during spell. Central may be due to Cheyne stokes breathing pattern, drug use, high altitude.
What is insomnia?
Persistent difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality.
What are treatments for insomnia?
Education on sleep hygiene, cognitive behavioral therapy, benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepine benzodiazepine receptor agonists such as Ambien, Sonata, Lunesta
What is circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders?
Mismatch between desired schedule and internal clock. Treatment is phototherapy
What is DSPD and ASPD?
Delayed sleep phase disorder = late sleep schedule
Advanced sleep phase disorder = early sleep schedule
What is restless leg syndrome?
Motor disorder characterized by unpleasant sensations in the legs that prevent sleep onset
What are risk factors for restless leg syndrome?
Iron deficiency, pregnancy, psych meds
What treatments are used for restless leg syndrome?
Dopaminergic agonists such as pramipexole or ropinirole, or L-dopa.
What are non-REM parasomnias?
Sleepwalking and sleep terrors are abnormal behaviors arising from deep non-REM sleep.
What is REM sleep behavioral disorder?
Acting out dreams, often violently, that occurs during REM sleep.
What neurodegenerative disease is associated with REM behavioral disorder?
Synucleinopathies, such as Lewy Body dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and Multiple Systems atrophy
Who is most likely to be affected with RBD?
Males, typically arises in middle age patients.
