Sleeping, Grooming and Exploration

Question 1

sleep

Answer 1

resting or restorative process needed to bring the body back into a stable or homeostatic state after activity

Question 2

primary functions of sleep

Answer 2

reduce energy requirements during the hot part of the day and reduce exposure to predator

Question 3

stages of sleep

Answer 3

aroused/awake, drowsy/relaxed, quiet or slow wave sleep, active or paradoxical or REM sleep

Question 4

aroused, awake

Answer 4

the animal is fully conscious and muscle tone is normal

Question 5

drowsy, relaxed

Answer 5

the animal shows decreased muscle tone and will easily go into quiet sleep or become aroused

Question 6

quiet or slow wave sleep

Answer 6

high amplitude slow waves, lack of movement observed, more easily aroused than active sleep, muscles relaxed but retain some tone

Question 7

active or paradoxical or REM sleep

Answer 7

low amplitude, high frequency voltage fluctuations almost identical to aroused pattern, muscles fully relaxed, rapid movement of eyes and extremities, difficult to arouse

Question 8

amphibians and fish

Answer 8

have never been found to have any similar experience to REM sleep

Question 9

birds

Answer 9

spend about 5% of their sleep time in REM sleep, they seem to have very brief dreaming episodes

Question 10

most mammals

Answer 10

experience REM sleep, ruminating animals get very little (if any) REM sleep

Question 11

reptiles

Answer 11

have rapid eye movements during sleep, but they are not accompanied by brain waves similar to those of humans during REM sleep.

Question 12

dreaming mammals

Answer 12

humans, cats, dogs, chimpanzees, horses and cows

Question 13

unihemispheric sleep

Answer 13

one hemisphere will show sleeping patterns of slow brain waves while the other will show signs of wakefulness; some species of seals, dolphins and ducks

Question 14

torpor

Answer 14

short “sleep” time; body slows down, heartbeat and temperature go down

Question 15

hibernation

Answer 15

winter torpor

Question 16

estivation

Answer 16

summer torpor

Question 17

true hibernation

Answer 17

animal appears dead, can be touched or moved and not be woken

Question 18

purpose of allo-grooming

Answer 18

remove extoparasites, reduce tension in a population, helps establish and maintain close social bonds

Question 19

exploratory behavior

Answer 19

searches to fulfill a particular need, or explores for curiosity; often accompanied with some fear